RNSG 2539 - Exam II REAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hm0osb
Where most blood coagulation factors
are synthesized (except Factor VIII)
Liver
Metabolizes, detoxifies, stores, and pro-
duces
- Turns glycogen to glucose
- Turns ammonia into urea
Roles of the Liver - Stores B12, A, C, E, D, K, Iron, & Glyco-
gen
- Albumin (maintains oncotic pressure)
- Detoxifies drugs
- metabolism of estrogen
Hepatic portal vein
“Blood Glucose
‘ Ammonia
Clotting issues
What happens with cirrhosis of liver?
Jaundice
Clay-colored stools
‘ Estrogen (Gynecomastia)
Normal Albumin levels 3.5-5
Nutritional deficiency with reduced pro-
tein intake contributes to liver destruction
*Liver Failure - Nutrition* in cirrhosis, but excessive alcohol intake
is the major causative factor in fatty liver
and its consequences.
Liver Disease in relation to hemostasis
, RNSG 2539 - Exam II REAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hm0osb
Liver dysfunction can lead to diminished
amounts of the factors needed to main-
tain coagulation and hemostasis.
- Viral infection: Hep C & B
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- ‘ fat collection in liver
Liver Disease causes
- Bile duct problems
- Diabetes
- Autoimmune
Used for pain management of Pancreati-
tis
Anticholinergic medications
- Block acetylcholine receptors--> in-
creases HR, BP, bronchodilation
- Synthesis of many coagulation factors
- Deficient in malnourished patients
Vitamin K
- Prolonged antibiotic use diminishes the
production
Atelectasis from Acute pancreatitis collapse of alveoli
- Pancreas swelling
- Blood sugar issues
- Malabsorption
Pancreatitis * Diagnostic Finding*
- GI: pain, diarrhea, oily stool
- Ascites
- Fibrosis, systs, abscesses, rupture
*‘ Amylase & Lipase*
Acute Pancreatitis *Causes* 1) Gallstones
2) Alcohol Abuse
1) Chronic inflammation to the pancreas
2) Years and years of alcohol abuse
Chronic Pancreatitis *Causes* *Cystic Fibrosis*
‘ Calcium
‘ Cholesterol
- Sudden, very painful mid-epigastric
pain of LUQ
Pancreatitis *Signs/Symptoms*
- Hurts most when lying flat
‘ HR, Fever, “BP
, RNSG 2539 - Exam II REAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hm0osb
‘ Glucose, ‘ Amylase and Lipase
- Cullen's sign: bluish discoloration um-
bilicus
Pancreatic enzymes
Protease Enzyme that digests protein
Breaks down carbs to glucose
Amylase
56-90 IU/L
Breaks down fats
Lipase
0-110 units/L
WBC 5000-10,000
• Females 4.2-5.4 million/uL
RBC
• Males 4.7-6.1 million /uL
• Females 60-160 mcg/dL
Iron
• Males 80-180 mcg/dL
Platelets 150,000-450,000
• Females 12-16 g/dL
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
• Males 14-18 g/dL
• Females 37-47%
Hematocrit (Hct)
• Males 42-52%
Prothrombin time 0.8-1.2
• 0.43 - 2.33 mcg/mL
D-dimer
• 0 to 250 ng/mL
Fibrinogen levels 170 - 340mg/dL
Urine specific gravity 1.015-1.030
Creatinine males 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL; female 0.5-1.1
MODS Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Calcium 9-10.5
Chloride 98-106 mEq/L
Magnesium 1.3-2.1
Clinical Manifestations of DIC
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hm0osb
Where most blood coagulation factors
are synthesized (except Factor VIII)
Liver
Metabolizes, detoxifies, stores, and pro-
duces
- Turns glycogen to glucose
- Turns ammonia into urea
Roles of the Liver - Stores B12, A, C, E, D, K, Iron, & Glyco-
gen
- Albumin (maintains oncotic pressure)
- Detoxifies drugs
- metabolism of estrogen
Hepatic portal vein
“Blood Glucose
‘ Ammonia
Clotting issues
What happens with cirrhosis of liver?
Jaundice
Clay-colored stools
‘ Estrogen (Gynecomastia)
Normal Albumin levels 3.5-5
Nutritional deficiency with reduced pro-
tein intake contributes to liver destruction
*Liver Failure - Nutrition* in cirrhosis, but excessive alcohol intake
is the major causative factor in fatty liver
and its consequences.
Liver Disease in relation to hemostasis
, RNSG 2539 - Exam II REAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hm0osb
Liver dysfunction can lead to diminished
amounts of the factors needed to main-
tain coagulation and hemostasis.
- Viral infection: Hep C & B
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- ‘ fat collection in liver
Liver Disease causes
- Bile duct problems
- Diabetes
- Autoimmune
Used for pain management of Pancreati-
tis
Anticholinergic medications
- Block acetylcholine receptors--> in-
creases HR, BP, bronchodilation
- Synthesis of many coagulation factors
- Deficient in malnourished patients
Vitamin K
- Prolonged antibiotic use diminishes the
production
Atelectasis from Acute pancreatitis collapse of alveoli
- Pancreas swelling
- Blood sugar issues
- Malabsorption
Pancreatitis * Diagnostic Finding*
- GI: pain, diarrhea, oily stool
- Ascites
- Fibrosis, systs, abscesses, rupture
*‘ Amylase & Lipase*
Acute Pancreatitis *Causes* 1) Gallstones
2) Alcohol Abuse
1) Chronic inflammation to the pancreas
2) Years and years of alcohol abuse
Chronic Pancreatitis *Causes* *Cystic Fibrosis*
‘ Calcium
‘ Cholesterol
- Sudden, very painful mid-epigastric
pain of LUQ
Pancreatitis *Signs/Symptoms*
- Hurts most when lying flat
‘ HR, Fever, “BP
, RNSG 2539 - Exam II REAL EXAM
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hm0osb
‘ Glucose, ‘ Amylase and Lipase
- Cullen's sign: bluish discoloration um-
bilicus
Pancreatic enzymes
Protease Enzyme that digests protein
Breaks down carbs to glucose
Amylase
56-90 IU/L
Breaks down fats
Lipase
0-110 units/L
WBC 5000-10,000
• Females 4.2-5.4 million/uL
RBC
• Males 4.7-6.1 million /uL
• Females 60-160 mcg/dL
Iron
• Males 80-180 mcg/dL
Platelets 150,000-450,000
• Females 12-16 g/dL
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
• Males 14-18 g/dL
• Females 37-47%
Hematocrit (Hct)
• Males 42-52%
Prothrombin time 0.8-1.2
• 0.43 - 2.33 mcg/mL
D-dimer
• 0 to 250 ng/mL
Fibrinogen levels 170 - 340mg/dL
Urine specific gravity 1.015-1.030
Creatinine males 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL; female 0.5-1.1
MODS Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Calcium 9-10.5
Chloride 98-106 mEq/L
Magnesium 1.3-2.1
Clinical Manifestations of DIC
