Prescott's Microbiology Ch. 13 Questions
with 100% Correct Answers
________ molecules deliver amino acids to ribosomes during translation. - Answer Transfer RNA (tRNA)
A bacterial __________ is the non-transcribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in
order to initiate transcription. - Answer promoter
A bacterial cell that secretes proteins by types II and V systems is most likely Gram-negative. - Answer
True
A complex consisting of a single mRNA molecule with several ribosomes is called a - Answer polysome.
A consensus sequence in the untranslated leader sequence of a prokaryotic mRNA which serves as a
ribosome binding site is called the __________-___________ sequence. - Answer Shine-Dalgarno
A molecule of RNA has 99 phosphodiester bonds connecting __________ ribonucleotides. - Answer 100
A scientist wishes to develop an antimicrobial agent that specifically targets replication elongation in
Escherichia coli without interfering with proteins that catalyze other replication processes. Which of the
following experimental designs is most appropriate for the scientist to explore? - Answer Develop a
molecule that interferes with the DNA-binding ability of DNA polymerase III core enzyme.
All prokaryotes initiate the synthesis of proteins with formylmethionine. - Answer False
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze covalent addition of _____________ ________________ to tRNAs.
- Answer amino acids
Bacteria with DNA described as having "hairpin ends with inverted repeats" must not have circular
chromosomes. - Answer True
, Bacterial chromosomes, unlike eukaryotic chromosomes, often consist of a single replicon. - Answer
True
By using enzymes that destroyed DNA, RNA, or protein, Avery and colleagues were able to determine
which of the three molecules were required to transform bacterial cells. - Answer True
Catananes are interlocked chromosomes that form during the termination stage of DNA replication. -
Answer True
Choose the correct order of proteins that function in the initiation, elongation, and termination stages of
DNA replication. - Answer DnaA, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase
Choose the description below that best matches the current model of RNA polymerase holoenzyme. -
Answer A core enzyme composed of five polypeptides bound by a transcription factor.
DNA polymerase and aminoacyl-tRNA synthase are similar in that both have proofreading ability, but
differ in the substrates that they act upon. - Answer True
DNA replication is a complex process, and, as a result, the frequency of error is quite high. - Answer
False
During _________ proteins are moved from the cytoplasm to the membrane or periplasmic space, while
during _________ proteins are moved from the cytoplasm to the external environment. - Answer
translocation, secretion
During DNA replication, deoxyribonucleosides are added to the 5' end of Okazaki fragments and to the
3' end of the leading strand. - Answer False
During replication, which enzyme unwinds the two strands of the DNA molecule from one another? -
Answer Helicases
During transcription elongation, how many pyrophosphate molecules are produced from the
incorporation of 20 ribonucleoside monophosphates? - Answer 20
with 100% Correct Answers
________ molecules deliver amino acids to ribosomes during translation. - Answer Transfer RNA (tRNA)
A bacterial __________ is the non-transcribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in
order to initiate transcription. - Answer promoter
A bacterial cell that secretes proteins by types II and V systems is most likely Gram-negative. - Answer
True
A complex consisting of a single mRNA molecule with several ribosomes is called a - Answer polysome.
A consensus sequence in the untranslated leader sequence of a prokaryotic mRNA which serves as a
ribosome binding site is called the __________-___________ sequence. - Answer Shine-Dalgarno
A molecule of RNA has 99 phosphodiester bonds connecting __________ ribonucleotides. - Answer 100
A scientist wishes to develop an antimicrobial agent that specifically targets replication elongation in
Escherichia coli without interfering with proteins that catalyze other replication processes. Which of the
following experimental designs is most appropriate for the scientist to explore? - Answer Develop a
molecule that interferes with the DNA-binding ability of DNA polymerase III core enzyme.
All prokaryotes initiate the synthesis of proteins with formylmethionine. - Answer False
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze covalent addition of _____________ ________________ to tRNAs.
- Answer amino acids
Bacteria with DNA described as having "hairpin ends with inverted repeats" must not have circular
chromosomes. - Answer True
, Bacterial chromosomes, unlike eukaryotic chromosomes, often consist of a single replicon. - Answer
True
By using enzymes that destroyed DNA, RNA, or protein, Avery and colleagues were able to determine
which of the three molecules were required to transform bacterial cells. - Answer True
Catananes are interlocked chromosomes that form during the termination stage of DNA replication. -
Answer True
Choose the correct order of proteins that function in the initiation, elongation, and termination stages of
DNA replication. - Answer DnaA, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase
Choose the description below that best matches the current model of RNA polymerase holoenzyme. -
Answer A core enzyme composed of five polypeptides bound by a transcription factor.
DNA polymerase and aminoacyl-tRNA synthase are similar in that both have proofreading ability, but
differ in the substrates that they act upon. - Answer True
DNA replication is a complex process, and, as a result, the frequency of error is quite high. - Answer
False
During _________ proteins are moved from the cytoplasm to the membrane or periplasmic space, while
during _________ proteins are moved from the cytoplasm to the external environment. - Answer
translocation, secretion
During DNA replication, deoxyribonucleosides are added to the 5' end of Okazaki fragments and to the
3' end of the leading strand. - Answer False
During replication, which enzyme unwinds the two strands of the DNA molecule from one another? -
Answer Helicases
During transcription elongation, how many pyrophosphate molecules are produced from the
incorporation of 20 ribonucleoside monophosphates? - Answer 20
