BCHM 4360 Exam A+ GRADED 2025
TOPRATED EXAM
translation - answ-production of a protein from the information in an mRNA
20 - answ-how many amino acids used to make proteins?
tRNA (transfer RNA) - answ-The information in the mRNA is translated into protein via _______
molecules
read the mRNA by base-pairing 3 nucleotides
each carry and are specific to one amino acid at the 3′ end
small RNAs of ~75-94 nucleotides
anticodon - answ-3 nt region on the tRNA that reads mRNA
codon - answ-3 nt region on mRNA read by tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, chain - answ-Amino acids are attached to tRNAs by these!
Amino acids attached to tRNAs are joined together in a ______
,ribosomes, RNA, protein, 5' to 3' - answ-carry out translation and catalyze formation of peptide bonds
between aa's
have small and large subunits each with r-proteins
about 2/3 _____ and 1/3 ______
large - 2.5mDa to 4mDa
move ___ ___ ___ along an mRNA molecule
small subunit - answ-part of ribosome that deciphers the mRNA and mediates interactions between
mRNA and tRNA
large subunit - answ-part of ribosome that mediates the chemical bond formations
has an exit tunnel through which the growing polypeptide emerges (target for antibiotics)
15, 3, 4 - answ-Proteins are synthesized at a rate of about ____ amino acids per second
has an error rate of about 10-__ to 10-__ per acid (much more error-prone than DNA replication)
translation factors - answ-associate with ribosomes and help with translation
often GTPases
4 - answ-tRNA structure has ___ regions of dsRNA, including 3 stem-loops
includes acceptor stem, T-loop, anticodon loop, and D-loop
, acceptor stem, CCA - answ-The 5′ and 3′ ends of tRNA base-pair and form the ___________ ______
This binds the amino acid
has a conserved 3′ ____ tail
anticodon loop, inosine, Y - answ-has 3 nt that base pair with the codon in mRNA
Thus, the tRNA forms a physical link between the mRNA and the correct amino acid
often has ______ and base ___ modified purines
dihydrouridine (D) - answ-D (DHU) loop of tRNA is named for this modified nucleotide
pseudouridine - answ-this modified nuc plus T's make up the T loop (TpsiC)
L-shape - answ-tRNA is often drawn as a clover-leaf structure, but a folded tRNA has an
______________
The "bend" has some unusual interactions, like base-triple interactions
U-turn - answ-The bases in a tRNA anticodon are typically stacked on top of each other in a structure
called a _________
hypermodified purine - answ-A ___________ ________ occurs just after the anticodon, to prevent this
from base-pairing with the codon in mRNA
This helps align the codon and anticodon properly
TOPRATED EXAM
translation - answ-production of a protein from the information in an mRNA
20 - answ-how many amino acids used to make proteins?
tRNA (transfer RNA) - answ-The information in the mRNA is translated into protein via _______
molecules
read the mRNA by base-pairing 3 nucleotides
each carry and are specific to one amino acid at the 3′ end
small RNAs of ~75-94 nucleotides
anticodon - answ-3 nt region on the tRNA that reads mRNA
codon - answ-3 nt region on mRNA read by tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, chain - answ-Amino acids are attached to tRNAs by these!
Amino acids attached to tRNAs are joined together in a ______
,ribosomes, RNA, protein, 5' to 3' - answ-carry out translation and catalyze formation of peptide bonds
between aa's
have small and large subunits each with r-proteins
about 2/3 _____ and 1/3 ______
large - 2.5mDa to 4mDa
move ___ ___ ___ along an mRNA molecule
small subunit - answ-part of ribosome that deciphers the mRNA and mediates interactions between
mRNA and tRNA
large subunit - answ-part of ribosome that mediates the chemical bond formations
has an exit tunnel through which the growing polypeptide emerges (target for antibiotics)
15, 3, 4 - answ-Proteins are synthesized at a rate of about ____ amino acids per second
has an error rate of about 10-__ to 10-__ per acid (much more error-prone than DNA replication)
translation factors - answ-associate with ribosomes and help with translation
often GTPases
4 - answ-tRNA structure has ___ regions of dsRNA, including 3 stem-loops
includes acceptor stem, T-loop, anticodon loop, and D-loop
, acceptor stem, CCA - answ-The 5′ and 3′ ends of tRNA base-pair and form the ___________ ______
This binds the amino acid
has a conserved 3′ ____ tail
anticodon loop, inosine, Y - answ-has 3 nt that base pair with the codon in mRNA
Thus, the tRNA forms a physical link between the mRNA and the correct amino acid
often has ______ and base ___ modified purines
dihydrouridine (D) - answ-D (DHU) loop of tRNA is named for this modified nucleotide
pseudouridine - answ-this modified nuc plus T's make up the T loop (TpsiC)
L-shape - answ-tRNA is often drawn as a clover-leaf structure, but a folded tRNA has an
______________
The "bend" has some unusual interactions, like base-triple interactions
U-turn - answ-The bases in a tRNA anticodon are typically stacked on top of each other in a structure
called a _________
hypermodified purine - answ-A ___________ ________ occurs just after the anticodon, to prevent this
from base-pairing with the codon in mRNA
This helps align the codon and anticodon properly
