PRAXIS CRAM - BIOLOGY 5236 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pros of stem cell research - Correct Answers -Curing genetic diseases
Growing skin for burn victims
Growing new organs
Cons of stem cell research - Correct Answers -Harvesting embryonic stem cells kills the
embryo, what constitutes a viable embryo?
Cons of genetically modified foods - Correct Answers -Man should not interfere,
allergens, modifications not contained-could pass in to wild species
Cons of cloning - Correct Answers -- reduced gene pool
- animals less healthy
- worries that humans could be cloned and born with severe health problems
Pros of cloning - Correct Answers -- used for medical research
- Therapeutic cloning
- Can save endangered species
concerns of genetic testing - Correct Answers -Is it a medical test? Some do not want to
know, privacy (who keeps results?), philosophical (do genes determine behavior?)
scientific theory - Correct Answers -a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of
observations
scientific fact - Correct Answers -a direct and repeatable observation of any aspect of
the natural world
Hypothesis - Correct Answers -A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
An educated guess
scientific law - Correct Answers -A statement that describes what scientists expect to
happen every time under a particular set of conditions
scientific model - Correct Answers -a representation of an object or event that can be
studied to understand the real object or event
,Scientific Method - Correct Answers -A series of steps followed to solve problems
including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating
conclusions.
sig fig rules - Correct Answers -1) non-zero digits and zeros in-between them are sig
figs
2) leading zeros (0.04) are not sig figs
3) trailing zeros with a decimal are sig figs (without a decimal are not
greenhouse effect - Correct Answers -Natural situation in which heat is retained in
Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases
greenhouse gases - Correct Answers -Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous
oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse
effect.
ozone depletion - Correct Answers -thinning of Earth's ozone layer caused by CFC's
leaking into the air and reacting chemically with the ozone, breaking the ozone
molocules apart
free radicals - Correct Answers -chemical particles with an odd number of electrons
Human impacts on ecosystems - Correct Answers -Acid rain, ozone depletion,
deforestation, urbanization, accelerated species loss, genetic abnormalities, endocrine
disruption in populations, and harm to individual animals.
global warming - Correct Answers -An increase in the average temperature of the
earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)
acid rain - Correct Answers -Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when
industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with
water.
Eutrophication - Correct Answers -A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus
and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased
growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria.
landfill - Correct Answers -The disposal of refuse and other waste material by burying it
and covering it over with soil (leads to methane greenhouse gas)
independent variable - Correct Answers -The experimental factor that is manipulated;
the variable whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable - Correct Answers -The outcome factor; the variable that may
change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
, Properties of Carbon - Correct Answers -carbon has 4 valence electrons, and can bond
with other carbon atoms forming chains .
organic molecules - Correct Answers -contain skeleton structures of carbon with
hydrogen and oxygen
inorganic molecules - Correct Answers -molecules that do not contain carbon
covalent bond - Correct Answers -A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of
electrons between atoms in a molecule
hydrogen bond - Correct Answers -weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and
another atom
chemical bond - Correct Answers -the force that holds two atoms together
intermolecular forces - Correct Answers -forces of attraction between molecules
ATP - Correct Answers -(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for
most of their work
Properties of water - Correct Answers -cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is
less dense than liquid, specific heat
specific heat - Correct Answers -The amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius
capillary action - Correct Answers -the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface
of a solid
Cohesion - Correct Answers -Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion - Correct Answers -An attraction between molecules of different substances
surface tension - Correct Answers -A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the
surface of a liquid
Macromolecules - Correct Answers -A very large organic molecule composed of many
smaller molecules
examples of macromolecules - Correct Answers -carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids
Photosynthesis - Correct Answers -Conversion of light energy from the sun into
chemical energy.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pros of stem cell research - Correct Answers -Curing genetic diseases
Growing skin for burn victims
Growing new organs
Cons of stem cell research - Correct Answers -Harvesting embryonic stem cells kills the
embryo, what constitutes a viable embryo?
Cons of genetically modified foods - Correct Answers -Man should not interfere,
allergens, modifications not contained-could pass in to wild species
Cons of cloning - Correct Answers -- reduced gene pool
- animals less healthy
- worries that humans could be cloned and born with severe health problems
Pros of cloning - Correct Answers -- used for medical research
- Therapeutic cloning
- Can save endangered species
concerns of genetic testing - Correct Answers -Is it a medical test? Some do not want to
know, privacy (who keeps results?), philosophical (do genes determine behavior?)
scientific theory - Correct Answers -a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of
observations
scientific fact - Correct Answers -a direct and repeatable observation of any aspect of
the natural world
Hypothesis - Correct Answers -A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
An educated guess
scientific law - Correct Answers -A statement that describes what scientists expect to
happen every time under a particular set of conditions
scientific model - Correct Answers -a representation of an object or event that can be
studied to understand the real object or event
,Scientific Method - Correct Answers -A series of steps followed to solve problems
including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating
conclusions.
sig fig rules - Correct Answers -1) non-zero digits and zeros in-between them are sig
figs
2) leading zeros (0.04) are not sig figs
3) trailing zeros with a decimal are sig figs (without a decimal are not
greenhouse effect - Correct Answers -Natural situation in which heat is retained in
Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases
greenhouse gases - Correct Answers -Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous
oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse
effect.
ozone depletion - Correct Answers -thinning of Earth's ozone layer caused by CFC's
leaking into the air and reacting chemically with the ozone, breaking the ozone
molocules apart
free radicals - Correct Answers -chemical particles with an odd number of electrons
Human impacts on ecosystems - Correct Answers -Acid rain, ozone depletion,
deforestation, urbanization, accelerated species loss, genetic abnormalities, endocrine
disruption in populations, and harm to individual animals.
global warming - Correct Answers -An increase in the average temperature of the
earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)
acid rain - Correct Answers -Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when
industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with
water.
Eutrophication - Correct Answers -A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus
and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased
growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria.
landfill - Correct Answers -The disposal of refuse and other waste material by burying it
and covering it over with soil (leads to methane greenhouse gas)
independent variable - Correct Answers -The experimental factor that is manipulated;
the variable whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable - Correct Answers -The outcome factor; the variable that may
change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
, Properties of Carbon - Correct Answers -carbon has 4 valence electrons, and can bond
with other carbon atoms forming chains .
organic molecules - Correct Answers -contain skeleton structures of carbon with
hydrogen and oxygen
inorganic molecules - Correct Answers -molecules that do not contain carbon
covalent bond - Correct Answers -A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of
electrons between atoms in a molecule
hydrogen bond - Correct Answers -weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and
another atom
chemical bond - Correct Answers -the force that holds two atoms together
intermolecular forces - Correct Answers -forces of attraction between molecules
ATP - Correct Answers -(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for
most of their work
Properties of water - Correct Answers -cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is
less dense than liquid, specific heat
specific heat - Correct Answers -The amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius
capillary action - Correct Answers -the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface
of a solid
Cohesion - Correct Answers -Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion - Correct Answers -An attraction between molecules of different substances
surface tension - Correct Answers -A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the
surface of a liquid
Macromolecules - Correct Answers -A very large organic molecule composed of many
smaller molecules
examples of macromolecules - Correct Answers -carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids
Photosynthesis - Correct Answers -Conversion of light energy from the sun into
chemical energy.
