NUR 603 Final Exam Review With complete solu on
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Janet is a 30-year-old who has recently been diagnosed with a herniated disc at the level of L5-
S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspicion of cauda equina compression. Which
of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression?
A. Gastrocnemius weakness
B. A reduced or absent ankle reflex
C. Numbness in the lateral foot
D. Paresthesia of the perineum and bu-ocks - Correct Answers D. Paresthesia of the perineum
and bu-ocks
Mr. Jackson is a 65-year-old man recently diagnosed with osteoarthri0s. The clinician has
explained to Mr. Jackson that the goals for managing osteoarthri0s include controlling pain,
maximizing func0onal independence and mobility, minimizing disability, and preserving quality
of life. Mr. Jackson explains to the clinician that his first choice would be to use complementary
therapies to control his condi0on and asks what therapies are most effec0ve in trea0ng
osteoarthri0s. What would be the most appropriate response from the clinician?
A. "Complementary therapies should be considered only if surgical interven0ons are not
successful."
B. "I am unfamiliar with the available complementary therapies for osteoarthri0s and prefer to
discuss more mainstream treatments, such as NSAIDs and physical therapy, to manage your
condi0on."
C. "I would be happy to discuss all the treatment op0ons available to you. Compleme - Correct
Answers C. "I would be happy to discuss all the treatment op0ons available to you.
Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, acupressure, and tai-chi, are being studied for
use in the treatment of osteoarthri0s and have shown promise when used with standard
medical therapy."
John is a 16-year-old boy who presents to the emergency room a8er hur0ng his knee in a
football game. He described twis0ng his knee and then being unable to extend it completely.
John tells the clinician that he heard a pop when the injury occurred and has been experiencing
,localized pain. The clinician suspects a meniscal tear. Which test would be most appropriate to
assess for the presence of a meniscal tear?
A. Valgus stress test
B. McMurray circumduc0on test
C. Lachman test
D. Varus stress test - Correct Answers B. McMurray circumduc0on test
The clinician suspects that a client has patellar instability. In order to test for this, the client is
seated with the quadriceps relaxed, and the knee is placed in extension. Next the patella is
displaced laterally, and the knee flexed to 30°. If instability is present, this maneuver displaces
the patella to an abnormal posi0on on the lateral femoral condyle, and the client will perceive
pain. Tes0ng for patellar instability in this way is known as:
A. Apprehension sign
B. Bulge sign
C. Thumb sign
D. None of the above - Correct Answers A. Apprehension sign
A clinician has performed a synovial fluid analysis and the results are as follows: visual analysis:
turbid and yellow, viscosity: decreased, 52,000 white blood cells (WBCs) per mm3,
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs): 75%, protein: 5 g/dL. Which of the following condi0ons
could this result be a-ributed to?
A. Rheumatoid arthri0s
B. Osteoarthri0s
C. Gout
D. Sep0c arthri0s - Correct Answers D. Sep0c arthri0s
Mr. S presents in the clinic with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling of his le8 great toe.
The clinician suspects acute gout. Which of the following should the clinician expect in the ini0al
test results for this pa0ent?
,A. Elevated uric acid level
B. Elevated blood urea nitrogen
C. Decreased urine pH
D. Decreased C-reac0ve protein - Correct Answers A. Elevated uric acid level
Debbie is a 43-year-old female being evaluated for a wrist injury. The clinician is assessing for
median nerve compression by having Debbie maintain forced flexion of her wrist for 1 minute
with the dorsal surface of each hand pressed together. Which of these tests did the clinician just
perform?
A. Allen's test
B. Phalen's test
C. Tinel's sign
D. Finkelstein's test - Correct Answers B. Phalen's test
Sam is a 25-year-old who has been diagnosed with low back strain based on his history of
localized low back pain and muscle spasm along with a normal neurological examina0on. As the
clinician, you explain to Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. Which of the
following symptoms would alert the clinician to the more serious finding of a herniated nucleus
pulposus or ruptured disc?
A. Morning s0ffness and limited mobility of the lumbar spine
B. Unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater
than the back pain
C. Fever, chills, and elevated erythrocyte sedimenta0on rate
D. Pathologic fractures, severe night pain, weight loss, and fa0gue - Correct Answers B.
Unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than
the back pain
Felice is a 66-year-old female who complains that walking and prolonged standing causes pain
and weakness in her legs and bu-ocks. She expresses that she has short-term relief when she
, leans on the shopping cart. When she sleeps on her back, she some0mes wakes up in the night
in pain. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely?
A. Mul0ple sclerosis
B. Herniated lumbar disc
C. Lumbar spinal stenosis
D. Cervical spondylosis - Correct Answers C. Lumbar spinal stenosis
To diagnose fibromyalgia, there must be tenderness on digital palpa0on in at least 11 of 18
(nine pairs) tender point sites, which would include the
A. occiput, low cervical, trapezius, and supraspinatus
B. proximal interphalangeal (PIP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the hands, and the
metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and PIP joints of the foot
C. facet joints of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine
D. radial and ulnar styloids and the medial and lateral malleoli - Correct Answers A. occiput,
low cervical, trapezius, and supraspinatus
Mrs. Gray is a 55-year-old woman who presents with 0ghtness, pain, and limited movement in
her right shoulder. She denies any history of trauma. Her examina0on reveals a 75% reduc0on
in both ac0ve and passive ROM of the right shoulder. Mrs. Gray also is experiencing tenderness
with mo0on and pain at the deltoid inser0on. Her medical history is significant for type 1
diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Her social history reveals that she is a secretary and that
she is right handed. Based on her examina0on and medical history, you suspect adhesive
capsuli0s, or "frozen shoulder." Which clue in Mrs. Gray's history supports this diagnosis?
A. History of hypertension
B. Her affected shoulder is also her dominant arm.
C. Her history of diabetes mellitus
D. Her work as a secretary predisposes her to repe00ve mo0ons. - Correct Answers C. Her
history of diabetes mellitus
Newest RATED A+ 2025/2026 NEW!!
Janet is a 30-year-old who has recently been diagnosed with a herniated disc at the level of L5-
S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspicion of cauda equina compression. Which
of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression?
A. Gastrocnemius weakness
B. A reduced or absent ankle reflex
C. Numbness in the lateral foot
D. Paresthesia of the perineum and bu-ocks - Correct Answers D. Paresthesia of the perineum
and bu-ocks
Mr. Jackson is a 65-year-old man recently diagnosed with osteoarthri0s. The clinician has
explained to Mr. Jackson that the goals for managing osteoarthri0s include controlling pain,
maximizing func0onal independence and mobility, minimizing disability, and preserving quality
of life. Mr. Jackson explains to the clinician that his first choice would be to use complementary
therapies to control his condi0on and asks what therapies are most effec0ve in trea0ng
osteoarthri0s. What would be the most appropriate response from the clinician?
A. "Complementary therapies should be considered only if surgical interven0ons are not
successful."
B. "I am unfamiliar with the available complementary therapies for osteoarthri0s and prefer to
discuss more mainstream treatments, such as NSAIDs and physical therapy, to manage your
condi0on."
C. "I would be happy to discuss all the treatment op0ons available to you. Compleme - Correct
Answers C. "I would be happy to discuss all the treatment op0ons available to you.
Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, acupressure, and tai-chi, are being studied for
use in the treatment of osteoarthri0s and have shown promise when used with standard
medical therapy."
John is a 16-year-old boy who presents to the emergency room a8er hur0ng his knee in a
football game. He described twis0ng his knee and then being unable to extend it completely.
John tells the clinician that he heard a pop when the injury occurred and has been experiencing
,localized pain. The clinician suspects a meniscal tear. Which test would be most appropriate to
assess for the presence of a meniscal tear?
A. Valgus stress test
B. McMurray circumduc0on test
C. Lachman test
D. Varus stress test - Correct Answers B. McMurray circumduc0on test
The clinician suspects that a client has patellar instability. In order to test for this, the client is
seated with the quadriceps relaxed, and the knee is placed in extension. Next the patella is
displaced laterally, and the knee flexed to 30°. If instability is present, this maneuver displaces
the patella to an abnormal posi0on on the lateral femoral condyle, and the client will perceive
pain. Tes0ng for patellar instability in this way is known as:
A. Apprehension sign
B. Bulge sign
C. Thumb sign
D. None of the above - Correct Answers A. Apprehension sign
A clinician has performed a synovial fluid analysis and the results are as follows: visual analysis:
turbid and yellow, viscosity: decreased, 52,000 white blood cells (WBCs) per mm3,
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs): 75%, protein: 5 g/dL. Which of the following condi0ons
could this result be a-ributed to?
A. Rheumatoid arthri0s
B. Osteoarthri0s
C. Gout
D. Sep0c arthri0s - Correct Answers D. Sep0c arthri0s
Mr. S presents in the clinic with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling of his le8 great toe.
The clinician suspects acute gout. Which of the following should the clinician expect in the ini0al
test results for this pa0ent?
,A. Elevated uric acid level
B. Elevated blood urea nitrogen
C. Decreased urine pH
D. Decreased C-reac0ve protein - Correct Answers A. Elevated uric acid level
Debbie is a 43-year-old female being evaluated for a wrist injury. The clinician is assessing for
median nerve compression by having Debbie maintain forced flexion of her wrist for 1 minute
with the dorsal surface of each hand pressed together. Which of these tests did the clinician just
perform?
A. Allen's test
B. Phalen's test
C. Tinel's sign
D. Finkelstein's test - Correct Answers B. Phalen's test
Sam is a 25-year-old who has been diagnosed with low back strain based on his history of
localized low back pain and muscle spasm along with a normal neurological examina0on. As the
clinician, you explain to Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. Which of the
following symptoms would alert the clinician to the more serious finding of a herniated nucleus
pulposus or ruptured disc?
A. Morning s0ffness and limited mobility of the lumbar spine
B. Unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater
than the back pain
C. Fever, chills, and elevated erythrocyte sedimenta0on rate
D. Pathologic fractures, severe night pain, weight loss, and fa0gue - Correct Answers B.
Unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than
the back pain
Felice is a 66-year-old female who complains that walking and prolonged standing causes pain
and weakness in her legs and bu-ocks. She expresses that she has short-term relief when she
, leans on the shopping cart. When she sleeps on her back, she some0mes wakes up in the night
in pain. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely?
A. Mul0ple sclerosis
B. Herniated lumbar disc
C. Lumbar spinal stenosis
D. Cervical spondylosis - Correct Answers C. Lumbar spinal stenosis
To diagnose fibromyalgia, there must be tenderness on digital palpa0on in at least 11 of 18
(nine pairs) tender point sites, which would include the
A. occiput, low cervical, trapezius, and supraspinatus
B. proximal interphalangeal (PIP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the hands, and the
metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and PIP joints of the foot
C. facet joints of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine
D. radial and ulnar styloids and the medial and lateral malleoli - Correct Answers A. occiput,
low cervical, trapezius, and supraspinatus
Mrs. Gray is a 55-year-old woman who presents with 0ghtness, pain, and limited movement in
her right shoulder. She denies any history of trauma. Her examina0on reveals a 75% reduc0on
in both ac0ve and passive ROM of the right shoulder. Mrs. Gray also is experiencing tenderness
with mo0on and pain at the deltoid inser0on. Her medical history is significant for type 1
diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Her social history reveals that she is a secretary and that
she is right handed. Based on her examina0on and medical history, you suspect adhesive
capsuli0s, or "frozen shoulder." Which clue in Mrs. Gray's history supports this diagnosis?
A. History of hypertension
B. Her affected shoulder is also her dominant arm.
C. Her history of diabetes mellitus
D. Her work as a secretary predisposes her to repe00ve mo0ons. - Correct Answers C. Her
history of diabetes mellitus
