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Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and
expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.
a. Ivan Pavlov
b. Little Albert
c. Edward C. Tolman
d. Rosalie Rayner ANSW ✔✔ c. Edward C. Tolman
Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.
a. reflexive
b. processual
c. instinctive
d. associative ANSW ✔✔ D. Associative
Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put
the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this
example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.
a. model
b. cognition
c. stimulus
d. response ANSW ✔✔ a. model
Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?
a. fixed interval
b. variable ratio
c. fixed ratio
d. variable interval ANSW ✔✔ B. Variable ratio
, Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his
behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning
is this?
a. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning
c. modeling
d. imitation ANSW ✔✔ a. operant conditioning
In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired
behavior is performed.
a. secondary
b. partial
c. primary
d. continuous ANSW ✔✔ b. partial
Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She
repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually
acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her
every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the
puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no
longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.
a. learning
b. acquisition
c. extinction
d. conditioning ANSW ✔✔ C. Extinction
Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when
she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a
light.
a. fixed interval map
b. cognitive map