NURS 640 Exam 4 Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update 2025-2026
Hematuria - Answerswork up: infection/anticoagulation
Urinary stone disease - Answersmost common Ca
s/s: hematuria/ severe colic, acute flank pain, N&V
Testing: Ultrasound or spiral non contract CT.
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - Answersnoncancerous enlargement of the prostate
s/s hesitancy
DRE (digital rectal exam): enlarged prostate.
Med: alpha blockers
procedures: TURP
Acute Urinary retention - Answerscause: BPH or medication
S/S: lower abdomen/ suprapubic discomfort.
urine output less than 300cc
Admit for urosepsis, malignancy, acute myelopathy, acute renal failure.
400cc leave cath in place
Most common UTI organism - Answerse. coli, pseudomonas, klebsiella, staphylococci, candida
Urine Dipstick - AnswersScreening test for infection with some
limitations in diagnostic value
- Best paired with clinical history / findings
- Negative findings does not necessarily rule out
infection in symptomatic patient
- Lower detection of infection for some parameters
• Key Findings
- Leukocyte esterase (presence)
- Nitrates (presence)
, - Blood (≥ 1+)
- Protein (≥ 3+)
Urine Microscopy (UA) - AnswersKey findings
• Pyuria
- WBCs or pus
- Cloudy urine is not necessarily pyuria
- Supports diagnosis of UTI but can have other causes and negative
results do not rule out trial of empiric antibiotics in clinically likely UTI
• WBCs
- > 5 WBCs per HPF suggests infection
• Alternatively 8,000-10,000 / mL or 8 -10 per uL (note different units)
- WBC casts indicate inflammation that may or may not be infectious
• Bacteria
- Bacteria in any amount suggests infection
- Bacteria without pyuria can be contamination
• RBC's
- > 5 RBC's per HPF
• Elevated epithelial cells can suggest contamination
• Low bacterial count may be associated with antibiotic exposure,
urine dilution
Uncomplicated Acute Cystitis treatment - AnswersCephalexin, nitrofurantoin or
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole
- Sulfa allergy: Ciprofloxacin
Acute Pyelonephritis treatment - Answers• 7-14 days therapy (non-pregnant)
- 14 for inpatient
Hematuria - Answerswork up: infection/anticoagulation
Urinary stone disease - Answersmost common Ca
s/s: hematuria/ severe colic, acute flank pain, N&V
Testing: Ultrasound or spiral non contract CT.
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - Answersnoncancerous enlargement of the prostate
s/s hesitancy
DRE (digital rectal exam): enlarged prostate.
Med: alpha blockers
procedures: TURP
Acute Urinary retention - Answerscause: BPH or medication
S/S: lower abdomen/ suprapubic discomfort.
urine output less than 300cc
Admit for urosepsis, malignancy, acute myelopathy, acute renal failure.
400cc leave cath in place
Most common UTI organism - Answerse. coli, pseudomonas, klebsiella, staphylococci, candida
Urine Dipstick - AnswersScreening test for infection with some
limitations in diagnostic value
- Best paired with clinical history / findings
- Negative findings does not necessarily rule out
infection in symptomatic patient
- Lower detection of infection for some parameters
• Key Findings
- Leukocyte esterase (presence)
- Nitrates (presence)
, - Blood (≥ 1+)
- Protein (≥ 3+)
Urine Microscopy (UA) - AnswersKey findings
• Pyuria
- WBCs or pus
- Cloudy urine is not necessarily pyuria
- Supports diagnosis of UTI but can have other causes and negative
results do not rule out trial of empiric antibiotics in clinically likely UTI
• WBCs
- > 5 WBCs per HPF suggests infection
• Alternatively 8,000-10,000 / mL or 8 -10 per uL (note different units)
- WBC casts indicate inflammation that may or may not be infectious
• Bacteria
- Bacteria in any amount suggests infection
- Bacteria without pyuria can be contamination
• RBC's
- > 5 RBC's per HPF
• Elevated epithelial cells can suggest contamination
• Low bacterial count may be associated with antibiotic exposure,
urine dilution
Uncomplicated Acute Cystitis treatment - AnswersCephalexin, nitrofurantoin or
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole
- Sulfa allergy: Ciprofloxacin
Acute Pyelonephritis treatment - Answers• 7-14 days therapy (non-pregnant)
- 14 for inpatient
