SLP quiz 1 with 100% complete
solutions A+ rated already passed
Speech Intelligibility
1. elements
a. Inventory of vowels b. Inventory of consonants a&b=Phonetic inventory
2. larger parts
a. syllable shape b. word shape c. prosody - correct answer ✔✔Speech Acquisition chart
1. Language
2. Receptive language and expressive language
3. Form, content, use
4. Phonology, Morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics - correct answer ✔✔Language
Acquisition Second chart (look at actual chart)
1. Perlocutionary Stage
2. Illocutionary Stage
3. Locutionary Stage - correct answer ✔✔Birth to 2 years: Early Communication
-Birth-6m
-No intentional communication
-Vocalizations: crying, cooing, babbling
-Others interpret behaviors as intentional - correct answer ✔✔Perlocutionary Stage
-6-12m
-Intentional communication
,-Eye contact, gestures, social games
-Infants persist in communicative attempts - correct answer ✔✔Illocutionary Stage
-2-24m
-Symbolic, intentional communication
-True words: consistent form to refer to people, objects, events; phonetically similar to adult
form - correct answer ✔✔Locutionary Stage
cooing, gestures, true words - correct answer ✔✔Social Communication milestones for birth-2
y/o
-2 words combos start
-20 months, typical words: sound effects, food/drink/animals, body parts/clothing, people, toys
ex. "no want" "more ball" "daddy run" "big ball" - correct answer ✔✔18-24 Months: Language
(go to chart)
go to chart - correct answer ✔✔Individual Differences: Words
Acquisition of early bound morphemes
-Plurals: "dog" + "s"
-Progressive participle: "run" + "ing"
-Possessive: "mommy" + " 's"
Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) = 1.5-2.25 morphemes - correct answer ✔✔24-36 Months:
Language
Crying, vocalizing, canonical babbling, jargon
Consonants and vowels emerge early although consonants not used correctly
, By the age of 1, five consonants in the initial position of words [b,d,g,m,h] and two consonants
in the final position [m, h]*
By the 2ndbirthday, 2-year oldshave 9-10 word initial consonants and 5-6 word final consonants
(Stoel-Gammon, 1987)
Vowels -acquired earlier, in place as early as 30 months
Syllable shapes
Speech Intelligibility - correct answer ✔✔Birth to 2 years: Speech
3 years
More adult-like sentence structure
Later emerging bound morphemes:
-Regular past tense: "jump" + "-ed"
-Third person singular: he/she/it + "walk" + "-s"
-Copula: "to be" verb to convey a state (he istired, it isred)
-Auxiliary: "to be" verb within present progressive tense (he iswalking)
MLU= 3.0-3.5 morphemes - correct answer ✔✔Preschool Years: Language (age 3)
4 years
-MLU 3.5-5.0
-Begins adjusting to listener needs
5 years
-90% of spoken grammar mastered
-Begin learning letters
*True conversational partner
*Language used for wide range of purposes - correct answer ✔✔Preschool Years: Language (age
4&5)
, Phonetic Inventory continues to expand
"Patterns of Errors" emerge -> Phonological Processes
-syllable structure processes
-substitution processes
-assimilation processes
Age at which children "suppress" these patterns
Prosodic Development continues
Intelligibility - correct answer ✔✔Preschool Years: Speech
look at chart!
-Shows what consonants kids should know at each age. - correct answer ✔✔Sander's (1972)
Consonant Acquisition
Early eight
mid eight
late ate - correct answer ✔✔Alternative Way to Describe SpeechSounds
[m,b,j,n,w,d,p,h] - correct answer ✔✔Early eight speech sounds
[t, ŋ, k, g, f,v, tʃ,dʒ] - correct answer ✔✔mid eight speech sounds
[ ʃ, ʒ, θ, ð, s, z, ,l, r ] - correct answer ✔✔late eight speech sounds
syllable structure, substitution processes, assimilation - correct answer ✔✔Phonological
Processes
Weak Syllable Deletion
solutions A+ rated already passed
Speech Intelligibility
1. elements
a. Inventory of vowels b. Inventory of consonants a&b=Phonetic inventory
2. larger parts
a. syllable shape b. word shape c. prosody - correct answer ✔✔Speech Acquisition chart
1. Language
2. Receptive language and expressive language
3. Form, content, use
4. Phonology, Morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics - correct answer ✔✔Language
Acquisition Second chart (look at actual chart)
1. Perlocutionary Stage
2. Illocutionary Stage
3. Locutionary Stage - correct answer ✔✔Birth to 2 years: Early Communication
-Birth-6m
-No intentional communication
-Vocalizations: crying, cooing, babbling
-Others interpret behaviors as intentional - correct answer ✔✔Perlocutionary Stage
-6-12m
-Intentional communication
,-Eye contact, gestures, social games
-Infants persist in communicative attempts - correct answer ✔✔Illocutionary Stage
-2-24m
-Symbolic, intentional communication
-True words: consistent form to refer to people, objects, events; phonetically similar to adult
form - correct answer ✔✔Locutionary Stage
cooing, gestures, true words - correct answer ✔✔Social Communication milestones for birth-2
y/o
-2 words combos start
-20 months, typical words: sound effects, food/drink/animals, body parts/clothing, people, toys
ex. "no want" "more ball" "daddy run" "big ball" - correct answer ✔✔18-24 Months: Language
(go to chart)
go to chart - correct answer ✔✔Individual Differences: Words
Acquisition of early bound morphemes
-Plurals: "dog" + "s"
-Progressive participle: "run" + "ing"
-Possessive: "mommy" + " 's"
Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) = 1.5-2.25 morphemes - correct answer ✔✔24-36 Months:
Language
Crying, vocalizing, canonical babbling, jargon
Consonants and vowels emerge early although consonants not used correctly
, By the age of 1, five consonants in the initial position of words [b,d,g,m,h] and two consonants
in the final position [m, h]*
By the 2ndbirthday, 2-year oldshave 9-10 word initial consonants and 5-6 word final consonants
(Stoel-Gammon, 1987)
Vowels -acquired earlier, in place as early as 30 months
Syllable shapes
Speech Intelligibility - correct answer ✔✔Birth to 2 years: Speech
3 years
More adult-like sentence structure
Later emerging bound morphemes:
-Regular past tense: "jump" + "-ed"
-Third person singular: he/she/it + "walk" + "-s"
-Copula: "to be" verb to convey a state (he istired, it isred)
-Auxiliary: "to be" verb within present progressive tense (he iswalking)
MLU= 3.0-3.5 morphemes - correct answer ✔✔Preschool Years: Language (age 3)
4 years
-MLU 3.5-5.0
-Begins adjusting to listener needs
5 years
-90% of spoken grammar mastered
-Begin learning letters
*True conversational partner
*Language used for wide range of purposes - correct answer ✔✔Preschool Years: Language (age
4&5)
, Phonetic Inventory continues to expand
"Patterns of Errors" emerge -> Phonological Processes
-syllable structure processes
-substitution processes
-assimilation processes
Age at which children "suppress" these patterns
Prosodic Development continues
Intelligibility - correct answer ✔✔Preschool Years: Speech
look at chart!
-Shows what consonants kids should know at each age. - correct answer ✔✔Sander's (1972)
Consonant Acquisition
Early eight
mid eight
late ate - correct answer ✔✔Alternative Way to Describe SpeechSounds
[m,b,j,n,w,d,p,h] - correct answer ✔✔Early eight speech sounds
[t, ŋ, k, g, f,v, tʃ,dʒ] - correct answer ✔✔mid eight speech sounds
[ ʃ, ʒ, θ, ð, s, z, ,l, r ] - correct answer ✔✔late eight speech sounds
syllable structure, substitution processes, assimilation - correct answer ✔✔Phonological
Processes
Weak Syllable Deletion
