SOC 300 final UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Actions that an individual must perform in order to be considered moral are called - CORRECT
ANSWER - duties
A police officer's discretionary powers include the power to - CORRECT ANSWER - deprive
people of their liberty
The Josephson Institute identifies all of the following as ethical principles governing public
servants except - CORRECT ANSWER - volunteer work
Which philosopher's writings were largely in the form of dialogues, with Socrates as the main
character in many of them? - CORRECT ANSWER - Plato
Prosecutors have discretionary powers to - CORRECT ANSWER - decide whether to pursue
charges
Which of the following is not a recognized branch of ethics? - CORRECT ANSWER -
internalized ethics
An "imperfect duty" can best be described as a - CORRECT ANSWER - general duty that one
should uphold, but without specific applications
One of the most important elements of critical thinking is to separate _____ from concepts. -
CORRECT ANSWER - facts
In terms of ethics, critical thinking is least likely to involve identifying - CORRECT
ANSWER - an alternative path to avoid a difficult decision
,Who have the power to define behavior as illegal and, therefore, punishable? - CORRECT
ANSWER - legislators
Braswell (1996/2002: 8) proposed five goals of ethics. What is one of these? - CORRECT
ANSWER - developing wholesight
Which aspect of work is least likely to be an ethical concern for police officers? - CORRECT
ANSWER - working too much overtime
Philosophers widely believe that only humans can be moral (or immoral) because of our capacity
to - CORRECT ANSWER - reason
An act that goes above and beyond one's duty is known as - CORRECT ANSWER -
superogatory
Which characteristic is least applicable to the ethical issues that criminal justice professionals
face? - CORRECT ANSWER - the issues are avoidable
Normative ethics focuses on what people - CORRECT ANSWER - ought to do
Questions that concern the government's social control mechanisms and the impact of those
mechanisms on the governed are called - CORRECT ANSWER - ethical issues
What is an important characteristic of facts that distinguishes them from moral judgments? -
CORRECT ANSWER - facts are capable of scientific proof
Which element is not a requirement for determining if an act can be judged as moral/ethical? -
CORRECT ANSWER - the act must be intentional
The typical individual ______ ethical issues - CORRECT ANSWER - does not have control
over
,_____ imply a choice or judgment and indicate the relative importance that one assigns to
personal beliefs. - CORRECT ANSWER - values
Aristotle did not believe that bad behavior - CORRECT ANSWER - comes from ignorance
Elements of desirability, worth, and importance can best be defined as - CORRECT
ANSWER - values
A ______ arises when an individual is forced to choose between two or more behaviors. -
CORRECT ANSWER - personal ethical dilemma
Meta-ethics investigates whether an ethical system - CORRECT ANSWER - is relative or
universal
Relativists believe that _____ determines what is right - CORRECT ANSWER - cultural
values
The principle of forfeiture is what kind of system? - CORRECT ANSWER - deontological
Which ethical system is concerned solely with the inherent nature of acts being judged? -
CORRECT ANSWER - deontological
According to the concept of ethical formalism, the key factor in determining whether an act is
moral is - CORRECT ANSWER - the actor's motive or intent
Which characteristic is not part of Braswell and Gold's peacemaking process? - CORRECT
ANSWER - merit
, According to Immanuel Kant, a person can control his or her - CORRECT ANSWER -
actions
The claim "virtue is always the median between two extremes" is known as - CORRECT
ANSWER - the Golden Mean
Which system is deontological, and judges acts but not consequences? - CORRECT
ANSWER - ethical formalism
Of the following, who is best known as an egoist? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ayn Rand
Which system determines what is moral based on what is good for an individual's survival and
personal happiness? - CORRECT ANSWER - egoism
Ethical formalism emphasizes that individuals must not - CORRECT ANSWER - be used as a
means to an end
Which idea claims that there is an inherent universal set of rights and wrongs in the world? -
CORRECT ANSWER - natural law
Which doctrine claims that a person's actions should maximize happiness for the greatest number
of people? - CORRECT ANSWER - utilitarianism
Barry (1985) stated that people can know God's will through - CORRECT ANSWER -
individual conscience, religious authorities, and the holy scriptures
Which philosopher believed that moral worth comes from doing one's duty? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Kant
Which principle is not part of Krogstand and Robertson's principles of ethical decision making? -
CORRECT ANSWER - virtue principle
and CORRECT Answers
Actions that an individual must perform in order to be considered moral are called - CORRECT
ANSWER - duties
A police officer's discretionary powers include the power to - CORRECT ANSWER - deprive
people of their liberty
The Josephson Institute identifies all of the following as ethical principles governing public
servants except - CORRECT ANSWER - volunteer work
Which philosopher's writings were largely in the form of dialogues, with Socrates as the main
character in many of them? - CORRECT ANSWER - Plato
Prosecutors have discretionary powers to - CORRECT ANSWER - decide whether to pursue
charges
Which of the following is not a recognized branch of ethics? - CORRECT ANSWER -
internalized ethics
An "imperfect duty" can best be described as a - CORRECT ANSWER - general duty that one
should uphold, but without specific applications
One of the most important elements of critical thinking is to separate _____ from concepts. -
CORRECT ANSWER - facts
In terms of ethics, critical thinking is least likely to involve identifying - CORRECT
ANSWER - an alternative path to avoid a difficult decision
,Who have the power to define behavior as illegal and, therefore, punishable? - CORRECT
ANSWER - legislators
Braswell (1996/2002: 8) proposed five goals of ethics. What is one of these? - CORRECT
ANSWER - developing wholesight
Which aspect of work is least likely to be an ethical concern for police officers? - CORRECT
ANSWER - working too much overtime
Philosophers widely believe that only humans can be moral (or immoral) because of our capacity
to - CORRECT ANSWER - reason
An act that goes above and beyond one's duty is known as - CORRECT ANSWER -
superogatory
Which characteristic is least applicable to the ethical issues that criminal justice professionals
face? - CORRECT ANSWER - the issues are avoidable
Normative ethics focuses on what people - CORRECT ANSWER - ought to do
Questions that concern the government's social control mechanisms and the impact of those
mechanisms on the governed are called - CORRECT ANSWER - ethical issues
What is an important characteristic of facts that distinguishes them from moral judgments? -
CORRECT ANSWER - facts are capable of scientific proof
Which element is not a requirement for determining if an act can be judged as moral/ethical? -
CORRECT ANSWER - the act must be intentional
The typical individual ______ ethical issues - CORRECT ANSWER - does not have control
over
,_____ imply a choice or judgment and indicate the relative importance that one assigns to
personal beliefs. - CORRECT ANSWER - values
Aristotle did not believe that bad behavior - CORRECT ANSWER - comes from ignorance
Elements of desirability, worth, and importance can best be defined as - CORRECT
ANSWER - values
A ______ arises when an individual is forced to choose between two or more behaviors. -
CORRECT ANSWER - personal ethical dilemma
Meta-ethics investigates whether an ethical system - CORRECT ANSWER - is relative or
universal
Relativists believe that _____ determines what is right - CORRECT ANSWER - cultural
values
The principle of forfeiture is what kind of system? - CORRECT ANSWER - deontological
Which ethical system is concerned solely with the inherent nature of acts being judged? -
CORRECT ANSWER - deontological
According to the concept of ethical formalism, the key factor in determining whether an act is
moral is - CORRECT ANSWER - the actor's motive or intent
Which characteristic is not part of Braswell and Gold's peacemaking process? - CORRECT
ANSWER - merit
, According to Immanuel Kant, a person can control his or her - CORRECT ANSWER -
actions
The claim "virtue is always the median between two extremes" is known as - CORRECT
ANSWER - the Golden Mean
Which system is deontological, and judges acts but not consequences? - CORRECT
ANSWER - ethical formalism
Of the following, who is best known as an egoist? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ayn Rand
Which system determines what is moral based on what is good for an individual's survival and
personal happiness? - CORRECT ANSWER - egoism
Ethical formalism emphasizes that individuals must not - CORRECT ANSWER - be used as a
means to an end
Which idea claims that there is an inherent universal set of rights and wrongs in the world? -
CORRECT ANSWER - natural law
Which doctrine claims that a person's actions should maximize happiness for the greatest number
of people? - CORRECT ANSWER - utilitarianism
Barry (1985) stated that people can know God's will through - CORRECT ANSWER -
individual conscience, religious authorities, and the holy scriptures
Which philosopher believed that moral worth comes from doing one's duty? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Kant
Which principle is not part of Krogstand and Robertson's principles of ethical decision making? -
CORRECT ANSWER - virtue principle
