GENITOURINARY EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Anatomy &Physiology, Terminology, Labs:
• Know the anatomy of the urinary system from the specific organs down
to the nephron (the functional unit of the kidneys)
• The urinary system is largely responsible for maintenance of
homeostasis in the body. The primary function of the kidneys is
excretion of these waste products- kidneys also assist in regulating
the body’s water, electrolytes, secretion of erythropoietin (stimulates
red blood cell production)
• Kidney's lie behind the parietal peritoneum (retroperitoneal) just
below the diaphragm on each side of the vertebral column. Kidneys
are dark red, bean-shaped organ that are 4 to 5 inches (10-12 cm)
long, 2 to 3 inches (5- 7.5 cm) wide and about 1 inch thick
• Due to position of the liver the right kidney lies slightly lower than
the left
• Physiology with regards to the overall function of the kidneys
1. Hgb and Hct- Created in kidney RBC
2. Electrolytes- ?
3. Blood pH 7.35 - 7.45
4. Waste products in the blood
Nitrogenous waste product and drugs occurs primarily in the distal
convoluted tubule
• Physiology regarding:
1. Reabsorption the process of water, glucose and necessary ions
, back into the blood primarily in the proximal convoluted tubules,
Hene loop and the distal convoluted
2. Filtration water and solutes (sodium and other ions,
nitrogenous waste [urea, uric acid, creatinine]
3. Secretion
• Nitrogen is broken down into these three things
1. Urea
2. Creatinine
3. Anemia
• Fluid measurement for weight:
1. 2.2lbs = 1 Liters of fluid
• BUN
1. Normal range 7 –20 mg/dL
2. What it measures – measures the amount of nitrogenous urea, a
by- product of protein metabolism in the liver
3. What it means if it is elevated- higher than normal BUN levels
can indicate that your kidneys aren't working properly, other
factors dehydration, heart disease, and diet high in protein
4. What it means if it is low- diet very low in protein, malnutrition,
severe liver damage, overhydration
• Creatinine
1. Normal range – male: 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL female: 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL
2. What it measures
3. What it means if it is elevated
4. What it means if it is low
• Erythropoietin
STUDY GUIDE
Anatomy &Physiology, Terminology, Labs:
• Know the anatomy of the urinary system from the specific organs down
to the nephron (the functional unit of the kidneys)
• The urinary system is largely responsible for maintenance of
homeostasis in the body. The primary function of the kidneys is
excretion of these waste products- kidneys also assist in regulating
the body’s water, electrolytes, secretion of erythropoietin (stimulates
red blood cell production)
• Kidney's lie behind the parietal peritoneum (retroperitoneal) just
below the diaphragm on each side of the vertebral column. Kidneys
are dark red, bean-shaped organ that are 4 to 5 inches (10-12 cm)
long, 2 to 3 inches (5- 7.5 cm) wide and about 1 inch thick
• Due to position of the liver the right kidney lies slightly lower than
the left
• Physiology with regards to the overall function of the kidneys
1. Hgb and Hct- Created in kidney RBC
2. Electrolytes- ?
3. Blood pH 7.35 - 7.45
4. Waste products in the blood
Nitrogenous waste product and drugs occurs primarily in the distal
convoluted tubule
• Physiology regarding:
1. Reabsorption the process of water, glucose and necessary ions
, back into the blood primarily in the proximal convoluted tubules,
Hene loop and the distal convoluted
2. Filtration water and solutes (sodium and other ions,
nitrogenous waste [urea, uric acid, creatinine]
3. Secretion
• Nitrogen is broken down into these three things
1. Urea
2. Creatinine
3. Anemia
• Fluid measurement for weight:
1. 2.2lbs = 1 Liters of fluid
• BUN
1. Normal range 7 –20 mg/dL
2. What it measures – measures the amount of nitrogenous urea, a
by- product of protein metabolism in the liver
3. What it means if it is elevated- higher than normal BUN levels
can indicate that your kidneys aren't working properly, other
factors dehydration, heart disease, and diet high in protein
4. What it means if it is low- diet very low in protein, malnutrition,
severe liver damage, overhydration
• Creatinine
1. Normal range – male: 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL female: 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL
2. What it measures
3. What it means if it is elevated
4. What it means if it is low
• Erythropoietin
