Nurs 643 Midterm Exam – Accurate Answers To All
Questions
Hordeolum Correct Answer - Stye
- inflammation of the lubricating glands of eyelids and lashes with acute onset
- hurt: typically see pustule
- treatment: warm compresses, Erytho QID
Chalazion Correct Answer - granulomatous cyst on the conjunctival
aspect of the eyelid
- nontender
- warm compresses
Conjunctivitis different types Correct Answer - 1. Bacterial: sticky, gluely
eyelids, crusting, in winter months, associated with AOM
2. Viral: tearing, serous clear or muscus fluid, in spring/fall, associated with
pharyngitis
3. Allergic: itching and watery
- treatment with erytho and polytrim topical
ophthalmia neonatorum Correct Answer - neonatal conjunctivitis
- during the first few months of life
- causes: gonoccal (day 2-7 of life) or chlamydia (days 5-14 of life) or herpetic
(within first 2 weeks)
- typically need oral or IV antibiotics: ceftriaxone (G) or erytho (C)
Daryostenosis Correct Answer - blocked tear ducts
- due to membrane at birth that covers the nasolacrimal duct which fails to
break down quickly
- treat by massaging out obstruction, if gets infected need antibiotics
Eye trauma Correct Answer - types: hemorrhage, abrasion, hyphemas,
orbital fractures
- can use fluorescein eye stain to detect foreign bodies
- treatment: flush with water for 20 mins, vision eval, antibiotic or steroid
drops
,Periorbital cellulitis Correct Answer - - inflammation of the eye lid and
surrounding tissue
- bacterial infection, typically under 5 yrs
- caused by HiB and Strep
- needs antibiotics- medical emergency if becomes orbital cellulitis
- extra ocular movements are intact
Orbital cellulitis Correct Answer - Emergency
- infection of the orbital tissues
- cannot move eye or hurts to (entrapment), and diplopia
Retinoblastoma Correct Answer - Congenital malignancy tumor
- mostly in those under 3 yrs
- s/s: cat eye reflex (leukokoria), strabismus, red, painful eye, glaucoma, late
sign= blindness
- treatment: radio, cryo, photocoagulation or surgical removal
Normal tympanic membrane Correct Answer - - pearly gray, shiny
-translucent (not transparent)
-slightly concave, intact, small flutter or moves with swallowing
- small blood vessels often seen on malleus
Otitis media Correct Answer - generally defined by the present of
effusion within the middle ear
- OME is when there is also an effusion: serous, mucoid, or mucopurulent fluid
in the middle ear without acute symptoms
AOM Correct Answer - acute otitis media
- 3 criteria needs to meet: rapid onset, signs of bulging membrane, limited
mobility, otorrhea, and distinct erythema or otalgia
- typically caused by HiB, strep, M. cat, and staph
- treat with amox higher dose
OME treatment Correct Answer - - observation with antihistamines and
decongestions first
- persistent > 3 mos need referral
- hearing loss- may need ear tubes/ T&A
, Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation Correct Answer - - usually
heals within a few days
- evaluation should include hearing tests
- referral for complaints of hearing loss, vertigo or facial nerve dysfunction
Otitis externa Correct Answer - swimmer's ear
- s/s: scant odorless secretion, mild discomfort and purities and modest
erythema and edema, registers high on pain scale when pressing on tragus
- Treatment: ENT referral if very bad/ swelling on outside, antibiotic and/or
steroid drops for ears
- typical: neomycin, polymyxin B, floxcin
- prophylaxis: dry ears after swimming, use cleaning drops, and can use blow
dryer
epistaxis Correct Answer - - bleeding from the nose that is infrequent,
mild and self-limiting
- causes: mucosal irritation, trauma, infection, drug use
- if over 20 mins or recurrent go to the ER/PCP
- treatment: 2 c's (calmness and compression), sit upright and lean forward,
apply pressure to septum or ice to lips for 10 mins
Foreign body to the nose Correct Answer - - chronic rhinitis is the most
common cause
- s/s: unilateral foul swelling, nasal discharge, recurrent, persistent,
sometimes causes epistaxis
- treatment: quick removal of objects, may need ENT
- can cause sinusitis
allergic rhinitis Correct Answer - - inflammation or irritation of the
mucous membrane
- s/s: allergic salute, allergic shiners, HA, issues smelling, poor appetite,
fatigue, boggy, pale nasal mucosa
- treatment: antihistamines (Zyrtec, Claritin, Benadryl), topical nasal
decongestants (afrin), intranasal steroids (most effective: flonase), intranasal
antihistamines (astelin), intranasal anticholinergics (atrovent)
Sinusitis Correct Answer - inflammation of the sinuses
- causes: obstruction, systemic disorder, dental infection, trauma
- treatment only if over 10-14 days, typically need amox or augmentin
Questions
Hordeolum Correct Answer - Stye
- inflammation of the lubricating glands of eyelids and lashes with acute onset
- hurt: typically see pustule
- treatment: warm compresses, Erytho QID
Chalazion Correct Answer - granulomatous cyst on the conjunctival
aspect of the eyelid
- nontender
- warm compresses
Conjunctivitis different types Correct Answer - 1. Bacterial: sticky, gluely
eyelids, crusting, in winter months, associated with AOM
2. Viral: tearing, serous clear or muscus fluid, in spring/fall, associated with
pharyngitis
3. Allergic: itching and watery
- treatment with erytho and polytrim topical
ophthalmia neonatorum Correct Answer - neonatal conjunctivitis
- during the first few months of life
- causes: gonoccal (day 2-7 of life) or chlamydia (days 5-14 of life) or herpetic
(within first 2 weeks)
- typically need oral or IV antibiotics: ceftriaxone (G) or erytho (C)
Daryostenosis Correct Answer - blocked tear ducts
- due to membrane at birth that covers the nasolacrimal duct which fails to
break down quickly
- treat by massaging out obstruction, if gets infected need antibiotics
Eye trauma Correct Answer - types: hemorrhage, abrasion, hyphemas,
orbital fractures
- can use fluorescein eye stain to detect foreign bodies
- treatment: flush with water for 20 mins, vision eval, antibiotic or steroid
drops
,Periorbital cellulitis Correct Answer - - inflammation of the eye lid and
surrounding tissue
- bacterial infection, typically under 5 yrs
- caused by HiB and Strep
- needs antibiotics- medical emergency if becomes orbital cellulitis
- extra ocular movements are intact
Orbital cellulitis Correct Answer - Emergency
- infection of the orbital tissues
- cannot move eye or hurts to (entrapment), and diplopia
Retinoblastoma Correct Answer - Congenital malignancy tumor
- mostly in those under 3 yrs
- s/s: cat eye reflex (leukokoria), strabismus, red, painful eye, glaucoma, late
sign= blindness
- treatment: radio, cryo, photocoagulation or surgical removal
Normal tympanic membrane Correct Answer - - pearly gray, shiny
-translucent (not transparent)
-slightly concave, intact, small flutter or moves with swallowing
- small blood vessels often seen on malleus
Otitis media Correct Answer - generally defined by the present of
effusion within the middle ear
- OME is when there is also an effusion: serous, mucoid, or mucopurulent fluid
in the middle ear without acute symptoms
AOM Correct Answer - acute otitis media
- 3 criteria needs to meet: rapid onset, signs of bulging membrane, limited
mobility, otorrhea, and distinct erythema or otalgia
- typically caused by HiB, strep, M. cat, and staph
- treat with amox higher dose
OME treatment Correct Answer - - observation with antihistamines and
decongestions first
- persistent > 3 mos need referral
- hearing loss- may need ear tubes/ T&A
, Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation Correct Answer - - usually
heals within a few days
- evaluation should include hearing tests
- referral for complaints of hearing loss, vertigo or facial nerve dysfunction
Otitis externa Correct Answer - swimmer's ear
- s/s: scant odorless secretion, mild discomfort and purities and modest
erythema and edema, registers high on pain scale when pressing on tragus
- Treatment: ENT referral if very bad/ swelling on outside, antibiotic and/or
steroid drops for ears
- typical: neomycin, polymyxin B, floxcin
- prophylaxis: dry ears after swimming, use cleaning drops, and can use blow
dryer
epistaxis Correct Answer - - bleeding from the nose that is infrequent,
mild and self-limiting
- causes: mucosal irritation, trauma, infection, drug use
- if over 20 mins or recurrent go to the ER/PCP
- treatment: 2 c's (calmness and compression), sit upright and lean forward,
apply pressure to septum or ice to lips for 10 mins
Foreign body to the nose Correct Answer - - chronic rhinitis is the most
common cause
- s/s: unilateral foul swelling, nasal discharge, recurrent, persistent,
sometimes causes epistaxis
- treatment: quick removal of objects, may need ENT
- can cause sinusitis
allergic rhinitis Correct Answer - - inflammation or irritation of the
mucous membrane
- s/s: allergic salute, allergic shiners, HA, issues smelling, poor appetite,
fatigue, boggy, pale nasal mucosa
- treatment: antihistamines (Zyrtec, Claritin, Benadryl), topical nasal
decongestants (afrin), intranasal steroids (most effective: flonase), intranasal
antihistamines (astelin), intranasal anticholinergics (atrovent)
Sinusitis Correct Answer - inflammation of the sinuses
- causes: obstruction, systemic disorder, dental infection, trauma
- treatment only if over 10-14 days, typically need amox or augmentin
