Page | 1
Nurs5315 Questions and Answers (Expert
Solutions)
Q: Clinical implication for Beta blockers? (book), 🗹🗹: Atrial fibrillation, chronic left
heart failure or reduced ejection fraction
Q: Beta Blockers (book), 🗹🗹: reduce myocardial demand. By blocking beta
receptors.
Q: Myocardial contractility is a change in developed tension at a given resting fiber
length, which is simply the ability of the heart muscle to shorten. At the molecular level,
thin filaments of actin slide over thick filaments of myosin called the cross-bridge cycle
of muscle contraction. (video), 🗹🗹: Calcium interacts with troponin C which causes
tropomyosin to move thus allowing actin and myosin to work together to cause
contraction.
Q: Explain the difference between cardiac hemodynamic measures Video Lecture:
Cardiac Output, 🗹🗹: Cardiac output is the amount of blood pushed from the left
ventricle in 1 minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart rate in beats per minute
by the stroke volume.
Q: Right Heart (book), 🗹🗹: pumps blood through the lungs
Q: Left Heart (book), 🗹🗹: sends blood throughout the systemic circulation, which
supplies all of the body except the lungs.
Q: Arteries (hint A for away) (Book), 🗹🗹: carry blood (away) from the heart to all
parts of the body, where they branch into arterioles and even smaller vessels until they
become a fine meshwork of capillaries.
, Page | 2
Q: Capillaries (Book), 🗹🗹: allow the closest contact and exchange between the blood
and the interstitial space, or interstitium—the environment in which the cells live
Q: Venules and the veins (Book), 🗹🗹: carry blood from capillaries back to the heart.
Q: Lymph (Book), 🗹🗹: is returned to the cardiovascular system by vessels of the
lymphatic system.
Q: Blood flow through the heart chambers/valves (Book), 🗹🗹: The right heart
pumps de-oxygenated blood through to the right atrium>through the tricuspid valve>
right ventricle>pulmonary semilunar valve>pulmonary artery>Lungs (now oxygenated
blood)>Pulmonary veins>Left Atrium>Bicuspid or Mitral valve>Left Ventricle>Aortic
Semilunar Valve>Aorta
Q: The coronary arteries provide blood to which part of the heart. (Book), 🗹🗹: The
myocardium and other heart structures are supplied with oxygen and nutrients by the
coronary circulation
Q: What are the two major coronary arteries? (Book), 🗹🗹: The major coronary
arteries are the right coronary artery (RCA) and the left coronary artery (LCA)
Q: The transmission of electrical impulses, termed cardiac action potentials move
throughout the myocardium. Analyze the process of action potentials. (Book), 🗹🗹:
As an electrical impulse passes from cell to cell (fiber to fiber) in the myocardium, it
stimulates an intracellular process that results in fiber shortening—that is, muscular
contraction or systole. Between action potentials, the fibers relax and return to their
resting length, causing diastole.
Q: The various phases of the cardiac action potential are related
to changes in the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium,
potassium, chloride, and calcium(Book), 🗹🗹: Threshold is the point at which the cell
membrane's selective permeability to these ions is temporarily disrupted, leading to
depolarization. If the resting membrane potential becomes more negative as a result of
a decrease in extracellular potassium concentration (hypokalemia), it is termed
hyperpolarization.
Q: How potassium affects myocardial action potentials, contraction, and clinical
manifestations.
Nurs5315 Questions and Answers (Expert
Solutions)
Q: Clinical implication for Beta blockers? (book), 🗹🗹: Atrial fibrillation, chronic left
heart failure or reduced ejection fraction
Q: Beta Blockers (book), 🗹🗹: reduce myocardial demand. By blocking beta
receptors.
Q: Myocardial contractility is a change in developed tension at a given resting fiber
length, which is simply the ability of the heart muscle to shorten. At the molecular level,
thin filaments of actin slide over thick filaments of myosin called the cross-bridge cycle
of muscle contraction. (video), 🗹🗹: Calcium interacts with troponin C which causes
tropomyosin to move thus allowing actin and myosin to work together to cause
contraction.
Q: Explain the difference between cardiac hemodynamic measures Video Lecture:
Cardiac Output, 🗹🗹: Cardiac output is the amount of blood pushed from the left
ventricle in 1 minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart rate in beats per minute
by the stroke volume.
Q: Right Heart (book), 🗹🗹: pumps blood through the lungs
Q: Left Heart (book), 🗹🗹: sends blood throughout the systemic circulation, which
supplies all of the body except the lungs.
Q: Arteries (hint A for away) (Book), 🗹🗹: carry blood (away) from the heart to all
parts of the body, where they branch into arterioles and even smaller vessels until they
become a fine meshwork of capillaries.
, Page | 2
Q: Capillaries (Book), 🗹🗹: allow the closest contact and exchange between the blood
and the interstitial space, or interstitium—the environment in which the cells live
Q: Venules and the veins (Book), 🗹🗹: carry blood from capillaries back to the heart.
Q: Lymph (Book), 🗹🗹: is returned to the cardiovascular system by vessels of the
lymphatic system.
Q: Blood flow through the heart chambers/valves (Book), 🗹🗹: The right heart
pumps de-oxygenated blood through to the right atrium>through the tricuspid valve>
right ventricle>pulmonary semilunar valve>pulmonary artery>Lungs (now oxygenated
blood)>Pulmonary veins>Left Atrium>Bicuspid or Mitral valve>Left Ventricle>Aortic
Semilunar Valve>Aorta
Q: The coronary arteries provide blood to which part of the heart. (Book), 🗹🗹: The
myocardium and other heart structures are supplied with oxygen and nutrients by the
coronary circulation
Q: What are the two major coronary arteries? (Book), 🗹🗹: The major coronary
arteries are the right coronary artery (RCA) and the left coronary artery (LCA)
Q: The transmission of electrical impulses, termed cardiac action potentials move
throughout the myocardium. Analyze the process of action potentials. (Book), 🗹🗹:
As an electrical impulse passes from cell to cell (fiber to fiber) in the myocardium, it
stimulates an intracellular process that results in fiber shortening—that is, muscular
contraction or systole. Between action potentials, the fibers relax and return to their
resting length, causing diastole.
Q: The various phases of the cardiac action potential are related
to changes in the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium,
potassium, chloride, and calcium(Book), 🗹🗹: Threshold is the point at which the cell
membrane's selective permeability to these ions is temporarily disrupted, leading to
depolarization. If the resting membrane potential becomes more negative as a result of
a decrease in extracellular potassium concentration (hypokalemia), it is termed
hyperpolarization.
Q: How potassium affects myocardial action potentials, contraction, and clinical
manifestations.
