NR 547 FINAL STUDY GUIDE - PMHNP
When44do44you44consider44Unipolar44versus44Bipolar44depression44-44answer--
Unipolar44major44depression44(major44depressive44disorder)44is44characterized44by44a44
history44of44one44or44more44major44depressive44episodes44(table443)44and44no44history44
of44mania44(table441)44or44hypomania
Geriatric44Depression44Scale44(GDS)44-44answer--
Scoring44Instructions.44Score44144point44for44each44bolded44answer.44A44score44of44544or
44more44suggests44depression.
Self-reporting44tool44that44may44be44used44to44diagnose44and44treat44depression
Geriatric44Depression44Scale44-44answer--
The44Geriatric44Depression44Scale44(GDS)44is44a44self-
report44measure44of44depression44in44older44adults.44Users44respond44in44a44"Yes/No"44f
ormat.44The44GDS44was44originally44developed44as44a4430-
item44instrument.44Since44this44version44proved44both44time-
consuming44and44difficult44for44some44patients44to44complete,44a4415-
item44version44was44developed.44The44shortened44form44(GDS-
S)44is44comprised44of441544items44chosen44from44the44Geriatric44Depression44Scale-
Long44Form44(GDS-
L).44These441544items44were44chosen44because44of44their44high44correlation44with44depr
essive44symptoms44in44previous44validation44studies
Geriatric44Depression44Scale:44Targeted44Population44-44answer--
he44GDS44may44be44used44with44healthy,44medically44ill44and44mild44to44moderately44co
gnitively44impaired44older44adults.44It44has44been44extensively44used44in44community,44a
cute44care,44and44long-term44care44settings.
Geriatric44Depression44Scale44(GDS):44Score44-44answer--
Pharmacologic,44psychotherapeutic,44or44combination44treatment44indicated44of44the441
544items,441044indicated44the44presence44of44depression44when44answered44positively,44
while44the44rest44(question44numbers441,445,447,4411,4413)44indicated44depression44when
44answered44negatively.44
, Scores44of440-
444are44considered44normal,44depending44on44age,44education,44and44complaints;44(No4
4Treatment)
5-
844indicate44mild44depression;44(Pharmacologic44or44psychotherapeutic44treatment44ma
y44be44indicated
Base44treatment44on44duration44of44symptoms44and44functional44impairment
9-
1144indicate44moderate44depression;44(Pharmacologic,44psychotherapeutic,44or44combin
ation44treatment44indicated)
12-
1544indicate44severe44depression.(Pharmacologic,44psychotherapeutic,44or44combinatio
n44treatment44indicated
Geriatric44Depression44Scale44(GDS):44Indication44for44Intervention44-44answer--
The44presence44of44depression44warrants44prompt44intervention44and44treatment.44The44
GDS44may44be44used44to44monitor44depression44over44time44in44all44clinical44settings.44
Any44positive44score44above44544on44the44GDS44Short44Form44should44prompt44an44in-
depth44psychological44assessment44and44evaluation44for44suicidality.
Patient44Health44Questionnaire44[PHQ-9]44-44answer--A44brief449-item44self-
report44questionnaire44used44as44a44screening44tool44to44assess44severity44of44depressi
on;44widely44used44by44health44care44providers,44in44validity44is44well44established,44parti
cularly44for44identifying44severe44depression.
The44Beck44Depression44Inventory44(BDI)44-44answer--
Widely44used44to44screen44for44depression44and44to44measure44behavioral44manifestatio
ns44and44severity44of44depression.44
The44BDI44can44be44used44for44ages441344to4480.44The44inventory44contains442144self-
report44items44which44individuals44complete44using44multiple44choice44response44format
s.44
The44BDI44takes44approximately441044minutes44to44complete.44Validity44and44reliability44
of44the44BDI44has44been44tested44across44populations,44worldwide.
Center44for44Epidemiologic44Studies44Depression44Scale44(CES-D)44-44answer--
Designed44for44use44in44the44general44population44and44is44now44used44as44a44screener
44for44depression44in44primary44care44settings.44
When44do44you44consider44Unipolar44versus44Bipolar44depression44-44answer--
Unipolar44major44depression44(major44depressive44disorder)44is44characterized44by44a44
history44of44one44or44more44major44depressive44episodes44(table443)44and44no44history44
of44mania44(table441)44or44hypomania
Geriatric44Depression44Scale44(GDS)44-44answer--
Scoring44Instructions.44Score44144point44for44each44bolded44answer.44A44score44of44544or
44more44suggests44depression.
Self-reporting44tool44that44may44be44used44to44diagnose44and44treat44depression
Geriatric44Depression44Scale44-44answer--
The44Geriatric44Depression44Scale44(GDS)44is44a44self-
report44measure44of44depression44in44older44adults.44Users44respond44in44a44"Yes/No"44f
ormat.44The44GDS44was44originally44developed44as44a4430-
item44instrument.44Since44this44version44proved44both44time-
consuming44and44difficult44for44some44patients44to44complete,44a4415-
item44version44was44developed.44The44shortened44form44(GDS-
S)44is44comprised44of441544items44chosen44from44the44Geriatric44Depression44Scale-
Long44Form44(GDS-
L).44These441544items44were44chosen44because44of44their44high44correlation44with44depr
essive44symptoms44in44previous44validation44studies
Geriatric44Depression44Scale:44Targeted44Population44-44answer--
he44GDS44may44be44used44with44healthy,44medically44ill44and44mild44to44moderately44co
gnitively44impaired44older44adults.44It44has44been44extensively44used44in44community,44a
cute44care,44and44long-term44care44settings.
Geriatric44Depression44Scale44(GDS):44Score44-44answer--
Pharmacologic,44psychotherapeutic,44or44combination44treatment44indicated44of44the441
544items,441044indicated44the44presence44of44depression44when44answered44positively,44
while44the44rest44(question44numbers441,445,447,4411,4413)44indicated44depression44when
44answered44negatively.44
, Scores44of440-
444are44considered44normal,44depending44on44age,44education,44and44complaints;44(No4
4Treatment)
5-
844indicate44mild44depression;44(Pharmacologic44or44psychotherapeutic44treatment44ma
y44be44indicated
Base44treatment44on44duration44of44symptoms44and44functional44impairment
9-
1144indicate44moderate44depression;44(Pharmacologic,44psychotherapeutic,44or44combin
ation44treatment44indicated)
12-
1544indicate44severe44depression.(Pharmacologic,44psychotherapeutic,44or44combinatio
n44treatment44indicated
Geriatric44Depression44Scale44(GDS):44Indication44for44Intervention44-44answer--
The44presence44of44depression44warrants44prompt44intervention44and44treatment.44The44
GDS44may44be44used44to44monitor44depression44over44time44in44all44clinical44settings.44
Any44positive44score44above44544on44the44GDS44Short44Form44should44prompt44an44in-
depth44psychological44assessment44and44evaluation44for44suicidality.
Patient44Health44Questionnaire44[PHQ-9]44-44answer--A44brief449-item44self-
report44questionnaire44used44as44a44screening44tool44to44assess44severity44of44depressi
on;44widely44used44by44health44care44providers,44in44validity44is44well44established,44parti
cularly44for44identifying44severe44depression.
The44Beck44Depression44Inventory44(BDI)44-44answer--
Widely44used44to44screen44for44depression44and44to44measure44behavioral44manifestatio
ns44and44severity44of44depression.44
The44BDI44can44be44used44for44ages441344to4480.44The44inventory44contains442144self-
report44items44which44individuals44complete44using44multiple44choice44response44format
s.44
The44BDI44takes44approximately441044minutes44to44complete.44Validity44and44reliability44
of44the44BDI44has44been44tested44across44populations,44worldwide.
Center44for44Epidemiologic44Studies44Depression44Scale44(CES-D)44-44answer--
Designed44for44use44in44the44general44population44and44is44now44used44as44a44screener
44for44depression44in44primary44care44settings.44
