ECHO FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The 2 main types of prosthetic grafts are: - Answers - -bioprosthetic
-mechanical
What is an advantage of a bioprosthetic graft? - Answers - -they do NOT require anti-
coagulation
Doppler calculations needed for mitral stenosis: (2) - Answers - -PHT
-MVA
The slope rule of the PHT of AI is: - Answers - -the steeper the more severe the
regurgitation
Where is PE? - Answers - pericardial effusion
-Fluid between the parietal and visceral layers
Describe E point to septal seperation: - Answers - -vertical distance from MV "E" point
to the lowest point of the IVS
What happens during systole? - Answers - -depolarization waves cause ejection of
blood starting at the apex of the LV
When is ventricular repolarization? - Answers - -during "T" wave
With known aortic stenosis, what measurements need to be maintained? - Answers - -
Max/Mean PG
-Peak AV
-LV size and function
What may cause an acute AI? - Answers - -infective endocarditis
Describe Dressler's syndrome - Answers - -Inflammation and swelling of the
pericardium post MI
What is diastolic function? - Answers - -the ability to relax and fill
Explanation of the Teichholz method: - Answers - -estimation of the EF at the basal
level of the LV
Describe spectral doppler: - Answers - -horizontal axis represents time and vertical
represents velocity
Diagnostic criteria for severe MR: - Answers - -MR jet extends mid-to-back wall of LA
Where is atrial depolarization on EKG? - Answers - -P wave
, What is normal MVA? - Answers - -4-6 cm^2
What is the role of a stress echocardiogram? - Answers - -shows functional response
of the heart to exercise
Right heart circulation: - Answers - -RA, TV, RV, PA, lungs
What is the secondary AS finding? - Answers - -LVH
The best view for disorder of the aortic arch: - Answers - -suprasternal notch
Peak CW velocity of 2 m/sec, what is the PG? - Answers - 16 mmHg
PG=4(2)^2 = 16
What is isovolumetric relaxation? - Answers - -all valves closed and pressure in
ventricles filling
What is true about valvular stenosis? - Answers - -creates a drop in pressure or PG
across the valve
What is a sign of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? - Answers - -thickened LV walls
Doppler capable of showing very high and very low velocities: - Answers - -CW
doppler
What do you see in Ebstein's Anomaly? - Answers - -small RV
What is a sign of restrictive cardiomyopathy? (3) - Answers - -echogenic
-ground glass appearance
-stiff ventricle walls
What is Kawasaki's disease finding? - Answers - -coronary artery aneurysm
In the AP2 view, which walls are visualized? - Answers - -ANT
-INF
What is the most common VSD? - Answers - -membranous septum
Which is correct about MS m-mode or doppler? - Answers - -the flatter the waveform,
the more severe
The most common cause of PS is: - Answers - -congenital PS
Balance of flow is: - Answers - -flow=flow=flow
The 2 main types of prosthetic grafts are: - Answers - -bioprosthetic
-mechanical
What is an advantage of a bioprosthetic graft? - Answers - -they do NOT require anti-
coagulation
Doppler calculations needed for mitral stenosis: (2) - Answers - -PHT
-MVA
The slope rule of the PHT of AI is: - Answers - -the steeper the more severe the
regurgitation
Where is PE? - Answers - pericardial effusion
-Fluid between the parietal and visceral layers
Describe E point to septal seperation: - Answers - -vertical distance from MV "E" point
to the lowest point of the IVS
What happens during systole? - Answers - -depolarization waves cause ejection of
blood starting at the apex of the LV
When is ventricular repolarization? - Answers - -during "T" wave
With known aortic stenosis, what measurements need to be maintained? - Answers - -
Max/Mean PG
-Peak AV
-LV size and function
What may cause an acute AI? - Answers - -infective endocarditis
Describe Dressler's syndrome - Answers - -Inflammation and swelling of the
pericardium post MI
What is diastolic function? - Answers - -the ability to relax and fill
Explanation of the Teichholz method: - Answers - -estimation of the EF at the basal
level of the LV
Describe spectral doppler: - Answers - -horizontal axis represents time and vertical
represents velocity
Diagnostic criteria for severe MR: - Answers - -MR jet extends mid-to-back wall of LA
Where is atrial depolarization on EKG? - Answers - -P wave
, What is normal MVA? - Answers - -4-6 cm^2
What is the role of a stress echocardiogram? - Answers - -shows functional response
of the heart to exercise
Right heart circulation: - Answers - -RA, TV, RV, PA, lungs
What is the secondary AS finding? - Answers - -LVH
The best view for disorder of the aortic arch: - Answers - -suprasternal notch
Peak CW velocity of 2 m/sec, what is the PG? - Answers - 16 mmHg
PG=4(2)^2 = 16
What is isovolumetric relaxation? - Answers - -all valves closed and pressure in
ventricles filling
What is true about valvular stenosis? - Answers - -creates a drop in pressure or PG
across the valve
What is a sign of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? - Answers - -thickened LV walls
Doppler capable of showing very high and very low velocities: - Answers - -CW
doppler
What do you see in Ebstein's Anomaly? - Answers - -small RV
What is a sign of restrictive cardiomyopathy? (3) - Answers - -echogenic
-ground glass appearance
-stiff ventricle walls
What is Kawasaki's disease finding? - Answers - -coronary artery aneurysm
In the AP2 view, which walls are visualized? - Answers - -ANT
-INF
What is the most common VSD? - Answers - -membranous septum
Which is correct about MS m-mode or doppler? - Answers - -the flatter the waveform,
the more severe
The most common cause of PS is: - Answers - -congenital PS
Balance of flow is: - Answers - -flow=flow=flow
