NUR3503 FINAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|| ALREADY
GRADED A+ || GUARANTEED PASS || LATEST
VERSION 2025
What is epilepsy? - ANSWER-chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent
seizure activity focal or generalised depending on area
What are Generalised seizures? - ANSWER-in generalised seizures the
abnormal discharges in the brain affect the whole of the brain and result in a
loss of consciousness
What are partial seizures? - ANSWER-arise from a discrete region, or an
"epileptogenic focus" in one cerebral hemisphere and do not lead to loss of
consciousness unless they secondarily generalize
What is status epileptics? - ANSWER-Continual seizures over a prolonged
period of time that is unresolved and that could lead to irreversible coma and
even death.
What are febrile convulsions? - ANSWER-Seizures that occur in children whilst
they have a fever
What is spina bifida? - ANSWER-A birth defect in which a developing baby's
spinal cord fails to develop properly.
,What is hydrocephalus? - ANSWER-A condition in which fluid accumulates in
the brain, typically in young children, enlarging the head and sometimes
causing brain damage.
Can be treated by a shunt.
Neurological Management Principles - ANSWER-- Maintain progressive
neurological assessment (Coma scales)
- Maintenance of clear airway
- *Neutral neck alignment*
- Group nursing activities
- Hydration (too much worse than too little)
- Treat hypotension
- Maintain joint function and muscle tone
- Rehabilitation
What is cerebral palsy? - ANSWER-A condition caused by injury to the parts of
the brain that control our ability to use our
muscles and bodies.
Disorder of upper motor neurone impairment resulting in "motor" dysfunction
What is meningitis? - ANSWER-Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
- Sudden Fever - possibly with cold hands and feet
- Poor feeding
- High pitched cry
- RICP
- Rash
- Altered LOC
,How do you diagnose meningitis? - ANSWER-lumbar puncture
FBC
CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)
Management of meningitis - ANSWER-- Neuro observations & neuro nursing
- Isolation nursing - quiet dark room
- IV therapy
- Antibiotics - Cefotaxamine
- Head circumference
- Analgesia
Infant signs of pain - ANSWER-• They use crying
- Forcefully closed eyes
- Lowered brows
- Deepened furrow between nose and outer corner of lip.
- Square mouth
- Cupped tongue
• Shows localised body response to the pain and withdraw from cause of pain
• Can be angry and demonstrate physical struggle
Toddler - ANSWER-• Limited in their cognitive abilities in localizing and
expressing pain intensity, and understanding reasons for pain.
• They use crying or screaming
• Find out word they use to express pain (ow, ouch, it hurts)
• Point to pain
• Thrashing of arms and legs
• Cling to parent/caregiver
, • Restless and irritable with ongoing pain
• Attempts to push away the cause of pain
Older child signs of pain - ANSWER-• Increased ability to communicate pain in
more abstract terms.
• They can describe pain e.g. squeezing, stabbing or burning.
• Respond well to direct questioning.
• Consider a self report too.
• Demonstrate behaviour of a toddler during procedures.
• Buying time.
What is the normal urine output? - ANSWER-1ml/kg/hr
Common causes of fluid loss in children - ANSWER-• Diarrhoea
• Vomiting
• Fevers/sweating
• Burns
Causes for fluid imbalance - ANSWER-Diabetes
DKA
Pyrexia
Vomiting
Gastroenteritis
Renal disease
Hyponatraemia
Inappropriate fluid intake or replacement
Cardiac failure
Chest
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|| ALREADY
GRADED A+ || GUARANTEED PASS || LATEST
VERSION 2025
What is epilepsy? - ANSWER-chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent
seizure activity focal or generalised depending on area
What are Generalised seizures? - ANSWER-in generalised seizures the
abnormal discharges in the brain affect the whole of the brain and result in a
loss of consciousness
What are partial seizures? - ANSWER-arise from a discrete region, or an
"epileptogenic focus" in one cerebral hemisphere and do not lead to loss of
consciousness unless they secondarily generalize
What is status epileptics? - ANSWER-Continual seizures over a prolonged
period of time that is unresolved and that could lead to irreversible coma and
even death.
What are febrile convulsions? - ANSWER-Seizures that occur in children whilst
they have a fever
What is spina bifida? - ANSWER-A birth defect in which a developing baby's
spinal cord fails to develop properly.
,What is hydrocephalus? - ANSWER-A condition in which fluid accumulates in
the brain, typically in young children, enlarging the head and sometimes
causing brain damage.
Can be treated by a shunt.
Neurological Management Principles - ANSWER-- Maintain progressive
neurological assessment (Coma scales)
- Maintenance of clear airway
- *Neutral neck alignment*
- Group nursing activities
- Hydration (too much worse than too little)
- Treat hypotension
- Maintain joint function and muscle tone
- Rehabilitation
What is cerebral palsy? - ANSWER-A condition caused by injury to the parts of
the brain that control our ability to use our
muscles and bodies.
Disorder of upper motor neurone impairment resulting in "motor" dysfunction
What is meningitis? - ANSWER-Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
- Sudden Fever - possibly with cold hands and feet
- Poor feeding
- High pitched cry
- RICP
- Rash
- Altered LOC
,How do you diagnose meningitis? - ANSWER-lumbar puncture
FBC
CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)
Management of meningitis - ANSWER-- Neuro observations & neuro nursing
- Isolation nursing - quiet dark room
- IV therapy
- Antibiotics - Cefotaxamine
- Head circumference
- Analgesia
Infant signs of pain - ANSWER-• They use crying
- Forcefully closed eyes
- Lowered brows
- Deepened furrow between nose and outer corner of lip.
- Square mouth
- Cupped tongue
• Shows localised body response to the pain and withdraw from cause of pain
• Can be angry and demonstrate physical struggle
Toddler - ANSWER-• Limited in their cognitive abilities in localizing and
expressing pain intensity, and understanding reasons for pain.
• They use crying or screaming
• Find out word they use to express pain (ow, ouch, it hurts)
• Point to pain
• Thrashing of arms and legs
• Cling to parent/caregiver
, • Restless and irritable with ongoing pain
• Attempts to push away the cause of pain
Older child signs of pain - ANSWER-• Increased ability to communicate pain in
more abstract terms.
• They can describe pain e.g. squeezing, stabbing or burning.
• Respond well to direct questioning.
• Consider a self report too.
• Demonstrate behaviour of a toddler during procedures.
• Buying time.
What is the normal urine output? - ANSWER-1ml/kg/hr
Common causes of fluid loss in children - ANSWER-• Diarrhoea
• Vomiting
• Fevers/sweating
• Burns
Causes for fluid imbalance - ANSWER-Diabetes
DKA
Pyrexia
Vomiting
Gastroenteritis
Renal disease
Hyponatraemia
Inappropriate fluid intake or replacement
Cardiac failure
Chest
