Objective Assessment:Learners and Learning Science study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ge8tfc
1. acquisition learning new information by actively paying attention and engaging with the
material
2. consolidation organizing and reinforcing new information by connecting it to what you already
know and practicing it to better remember it
3. short-term mem- a mental space that temporarily holds a small amount of information for a short
ory (STM) time, usually a few seconds to a minute
4. long-term mem- the storage of information for a long time, including knowledge, skills, and expe-
ory (LTM) riences
5. sensorimotor infants (0-2 years old) explore through senses and actions, developing an under-
stage standing of object permanence and laying cognitive foundations
6. object perma- the understanding that something still exists even though it cannot be seen or
nence heard
7. trust v. mistrust infants learn to rely on caregivers for their basic needs, fostering trust while
stage inconsistency in meeting these needs can lead to mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety
about their environment
8. autonomy v. the shame and doubt stage involves a child's journey toward independence and
shame/doubt decision-making
stage
9. sensory explo- involves activities that engage the senses—touch, sight, hearing, smell, and
ration taste—helping children explore and understand the world around them
10. fine motor skills fine motor skills involve tiny muscles working with the brain and nervous system to
control movements in areas like the hands, fingers, lips, tongue, and eyes
11. initiative v. guilt children between ages 3 and 6 display increased assertiveness by taking the lead
stage in play and engaging in social interactions more actively
1/7
, Objective Assessment:Learners and Learning Science study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ge8tfc
12. preoperational children between the ages of 2 and 7 years old think symbolically, using symbols to
stage represent words, objects, images, individuals, and concepts, enabling the capacity
to mimic behavior through imitation
13. egocentric demonstrating a cognitive inclination where individuals find it challenging to
acknowledge perspectives beyond their own
14. scaffolding when the teacher breaks down complex concepts into small, more manageable
steps helping children along the way
15. conservation understanding that certain physical attributes of objects—such as quantity, mass,
volume, and number—remain constant even when their appearance or arrange-
ment changes
16. industry v. inferi- children between the ages 5 and 12 develop a growing sense of competence and
ority stage accomplishment as they develop a greater understanding of their capabilities and
limitations
17. concrete opera- in children between ages 7 and 11, thinking becomes more logical, organized, and
tional stage systematic
18. reversibility to mentally undo actions or operations; allows individuals to understand that
certain processes can be reversed to return to their original sta
19. classification to categorize objects, events, or concepts based on common attributes or charac-
teristics, enabling children to organize and make sense of their environment
20. puberty typically occurs between ages 12 and 17; changes such as the development of sec-
ondary sexual characteristics, growth spurts, and alterations in body composition
21. identity v. role adolescents between the ages of 12-17 engage in the exploration and formation
confusion stage of personal identity, including values, beliefs, and aspirations
2/7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ge8tfc
1. acquisition learning new information by actively paying attention and engaging with the
material
2. consolidation organizing and reinforcing new information by connecting it to what you already
know and practicing it to better remember it
3. short-term mem- a mental space that temporarily holds a small amount of information for a short
ory (STM) time, usually a few seconds to a minute
4. long-term mem- the storage of information for a long time, including knowledge, skills, and expe-
ory (LTM) riences
5. sensorimotor infants (0-2 years old) explore through senses and actions, developing an under-
stage standing of object permanence and laying cognitive foundations
6. object perma- the understanding that something still exists even though it cannot be seen or
nence heard
7. trust v. mistrust infants learn to rely on caregivers for their basic needs, fostering trust while
stage inconsistency in meeting these needs can lead to mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety
about their environment
8. autonomy v. the shame and doubt stage involves a child's journey toward independence and
shame/doubt decision-making
stage
9. sensory explo- involves activities that engage the senses—touch, sight, hearing, smell, and
ration taste—helping children explore and understand the world around them
10. fine motor skills fine motor skills involve tiny muscles working with the brain and nervous system to
control movements in areas like the hands, fingers, lips, tongue, and eyes
11. initiative v. guilt children between ages 3 and 6 display increased assertiveness by taking the lead
stage in play and engaging in social interactions more actively
1/7
, Objective Assessment:Learners and Learning Science study guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ge8tfc
12. preoperational children between the ages of 2 and 7 years old think symbolically, using symbols to
stage represent words, objects, images, individuals, and concepts, enabling the capacity
to mimic behavior through imitation
13. egocentric demonstrating a cognitive inclination where individuals find it challenging to
acknowledge perspectives beyond their own
14. scaffolding when the teacher breaks down complex concepts into small, more manageable
steps helping children along the way
15. conservation understanding that certain physical attributes of objects—such as quantity, mass,
volume, and number—remain constant even when their appearance or arrange-
ment changes
16. industry v. inferi- children between the ages 5 and 12 develop a growing sense of competence and
ority stage accomplishment as they develop a greater understanding of their capabilities and
limitations
17. concrete opera- in children between ages 7 and 11, thinking becomes more logical, organized, and
tional stage systematic
18. reversibility to mentally undo actions or operations; allows individuals to understand that
certain processes can be reversed to return to their original sta
19. classification to categorize objects, events, or concepts based on common attributes or charac-
teristics, enabling children to organize and make sense of their environment
20. puberty typically occurs between ages 12 and 17; changes such as the development of sec-
ondary sexual characteristics, growth spurts, and alterations in body composition
21. identity v. role adolescents between the ages of 12-17 engage in the exploration and formation
confusion stage of personal identity, including values, beliefs, and aspirations
2/7
