PSCH 242 UIC EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
2025/2026 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR PASS
Level of Constraint - CORRECT ANSWERS How much control the researcher has over
the design and progression of the study
Archival Study - CORRECT ANSWERS A study in which data is collected from a
variety of historical records and pre-existing sources.
Archival Study Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS Can often rely on huge data sets,
and there is no researcher influence risk.
Archival Study Limitations - CORRECT ANSWERS There are alternatives present that
can explain hypotheses in a variety of cases and few ways to amend this. Combinations of
statistics could also be used to limit this issue, such as baseball attendance and weather to
limit bias. Additionally, sources are not always reliable, and there is no control over data
collection.
Naturalistic Observation - CORRECT ANSWERS Observing and recording behavior in
naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Naturalistic Observation Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS realistic picture of
behavior, actions are pure.
Naturalistic Observation Limitations - CORRECT ANSWERS Limited scope of
observation, reliable and valid measures are very difficult to create.
General Limitations of Low-Constraint Methods - CORRECT ANSWERS Limited
generalizability, limited replicability, lot of room for experimenter (confirmation) bias, very
limited validity of measure at times, mistaken causality.
Differences between Correlational lower methods of research - CORRECT ANSWERS
Higher levels of constraint, narrower focus, more standardized procedures, control over
when and how variables are measured.
, PSCH 242 UIC EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
2025/2026 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR PASS
Differences between Differential and lower methods of research - CORRECT
ANSWERS Narrower focus, standardized procedures, control over how and when
variables are measured, and *additional* control over Confounding Variables.
Problem Statements in Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Always contain
at least two variables. "Is there a relationship between variable X and variable Y?"
Problem Statements in Differential Research - CORRECT ANSWERS "Does group A
differ from group B on variable Y (the dependent variable)?"
Differences Between Correlational and Differential Studies - CORRECT ANSWERS
Correlational observes a relationship between two variables while differential observes a
relationship between two variables based on two or more pre-established groups.
Confounding Variables - CORRECT ANSWERS Variables that vary along with the
independent variable. A variable that is likely to have an unwanted effect on the dependent
variable.
How to deal with confounds in Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWERS
Statistically control for effects of possible confounding variables
How to Deal with Confounds in Differential Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Select
appropriate comparison groups. Goal: "all else equal."
Limitations of Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Cannot draw
conclusions about causality. Relies exclusively on measured variables.
Limitations of Differential Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Cannot draw conclusions
about causality. Relies exclusively on measured variables, though there is more control as
they may be separated by characteristics.
2025/2026 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR PASS
Level of Constraint - CORRECT ANSWERS How much control the researcher has over
the design and progression of the study
Archival Study - CORRECT ANSWERS A study in which data is collected from a
variety of historical records and pre-existing sources.
Archival Study Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS Can often rely on huge data sets,
and there is no researcher influence risk.
Archival Study Limitations - CORRECT ANSWERS There are alternatives present that
can explain hypotheses in a variety of cases and few ways to amend this. Combinations of
statistics could also be used to limit this issue, such as baseball attendance and weather to
limit bias. Additionally, sources are not always reliable, and there is no control over data
collection.
Naturalistic Observation - CORRECT ANSWERS Observing and recording behavior in
naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Naturalistic Observation Advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS realistic picture of
behavior, actions are pure.
Naturalistic Observation Limitations - CORRECT ANSWERS Limited scope of
observation, reliable and valid measures are very difficult to create.
General Limitations of Low-Constraint Methods - CORRECT ANSWERS Limited
generalizability, limited replicability, lot of room for experimenter (confirmation) bias, very
limited validity of measure at times, mistaken causality.
Differences between Correlational lower methods of research - CORRECT ANSWERS
Higher levels of constraint, narrower focus, more standardized procedures, control over
when and how variables are measured.
, PSCH 242 UIC EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
2025/2026 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT DETAILED BEST
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR PASS
Differences between Differential and lower methods of research - CORRECT
ANSWERS Narrower focus, standardized procedures, control over how and when
variables are measured, and *additional* control over Confounding Variables.
Problem Statements in Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Always contain
at least two variables. "Is there a relationship between variable X and variable Y?"
Problem Statements in Differential Research - CORRECT ANSWERS "Does group A
differ from group B on variable Y (the dependent variable)?"
Differences Between Correlational and Differential Studies - CORRECT ANSWERS
Correlational observes a relationship between two variables while differential observes a
relationship between two variables based on two or more pre-established groups.
Confounding Variables - CORRECT ANSWERS Variables that vary along with the
independent variable. A variable that is likely to have an unwanted effect on the dependent
variable.
How to deal with confounds in Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWERS
Statistically control for effects of possible confounding variables
How to Deal with Confounds in Differential Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Select
appropriate comparison groups. Goal: "all else equal."
Limitations of Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Cannot draw
conclusions about causality. Relies exclusively on measured variables.
Limitations of Differential Research - CORRECT ANSWERS Cannot draw conclusions
about causality. Relies exclusively on measured variables, though there is more control as
they may be separated by characteristics.
