PSYC210 || Graded A+.
Wilhelm Wundt (1879) correct answers Structuralism: Mental events can be broken down into
their components in the same way elements are.
William James (1890) correct answers Principles of Psychology. "Psychology is the science of
mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions."
The Scientific Method (Heiman 1995) correct answers Consists of certain assumptions, goals,
and procedures for creating and answering questions
Authority Approach (to understanding) correct answers Seeking knowledge from sources thought
to be reliable and valid.
Advantage: allows us to assimilate existing knowledge
Caution: do not follow blindly; there is a need to critically evaluate sources.
Analogy to Approach (to understanding) correct answers An analogy between some new event
and a more familiar understandable event.
Problem: Open to a number of interpretations.
Rule Approach (to understanding) correct answers Try to establish laws or rules that cover a
variety of different observations.
Advantage: can save time and effort
Disadvantage: if followed blindly, can also threaten advancement of understanding.
Empirical Approach (to understanding) correct answers Testing ideas against actual events.
Validity correct answers A DV is .... if it measures what it's supposed to
, Reliability correct answers A DV is .... if, under the same conditions, it gives the same measure
and contains a minimum of measurement error.
Floor Effect correct answers When a task is so difficult that all scores are low.
Ceiling Effect correct answers When a task is so easy that all scores are very high.
Nominal Scale correct answers Categorises without ordering. e.g. Gender, M=1 F=2
Ordinal Scale correct answers Categorises and orders the categories. Bigger means more, but the
distance between points is not equal. e.g. Tennis world rankings.
Interval Scale correct answers Categorises, orders, and establishes an equal unit of measurement
in the scale. The distance between points is considered equal. e.g. Degrees Celsius.
Ratio Scale correct answers Categorises, orders, and establishes an equal unit in the scale and
contains a true point zero. Allows ratio statements "Twice as big". e.g. the number of questions
recalled on a memory task.
Woodford, Castellan and Brooks (1983) correct answers The Pepsi challenge. Cups labelled 'S'
and 'L', but both cups contained the same drink. 85% of the time, people favoured drink 'S'.
Chaiken and Pliner (1987) correct answers Studied observers perceptions of men and women
who eat small and large meals. Example of a 2x2 factorial design. Women eating small meals
were perceived as concerned about appearance. Women eating large meals were perceived as
least concerned.
Z score formula correct answers Xi-Xmean/S
Wilhelm Wundt (1879) correct answers Structuralism: Mental events can be broken down into
their components in the same way elements are.
William James (1890) correct answers Principles of Psychology. "Psychology is the science of
mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions."
The Scientific Method (Heiman 1995) correct answers Consists of certain assumptions, goals,
and procedures for creating and answering questions
Authority Approach (to understanding) correct answers Seeking knowledge from sources thought
to be reliable and valid.
Advantage: allows us to assimilate existing knowledge
Caution: do not follow blindly; there is a need to critically evaluate sources.
Analogy to Approach (to understanding) correct answers An analogy between some new event
and a more familiar understandable event.
Problem: Open to a number of interpretations.
Rule Approach (to understanding) correct answers Try to establish laws or rules that cover a
variety of different observations.
Advantage: can save time and effort
Disadvantage: if followed blindly, can also threaten advancement of understanding.
Empirical Approach (to understanding) correct answers Testing ideas against actual events.
Validity correct answers A DV is .... if it measures what it's supposed to
, Reliability correct answers A DV is .... if, under the same conditions, it gives the same measure
and contains a minimum of measurement error.
Floor Effect correct answers When a task is so difficult that all scores are low.
Ceiling Effect correct answers When a task is so easy that all scores are very high.
Nominal Scale correct answers Categorises without ordering. e.g. Gender, M=1 F=2
Ordinal Scale correct answers Categorises and orders the categories. Bigger means more, but the
distance between points is not equal. e.g. Tennis world rankings.
Interval Scale correct answers Categorises, orders, and establishes an equal unit of measurement
in the scale. The distance between points is considered equal. e.g. Degrees Celsius.
Ratio Scale correct answers Categorises, orders, and establishes an equal unit in the scale and
contains a true point zero. Allows ratio statements "Twice as big". e.g. the number of questions
recalled on a memory task.
Woodford, Castellan and Brooks (1983) correct answers The Pepsi challenge. Cups labelled 'S'
and 'L', but both cups contained the same drink. 85% of the time, people favoured drink 'S'.
Chaiken and Pliner (1987) correct answers Studied observers perceptions of men and women
who eat small and large meals. Example of a 2x2 factorial design. Women eating small meals
were perceived as concerned about appearance. Women eating large meals were perceived as
least concerned.
Z score formula correct answers Xi-Xmean/S
