BSNC 5000 Module 4A,B Questions With Complete
Solutions
Vernix
White, creamy stuff on baby’s skin at birth
More common in premature babies
Acts like a moisturizer, protects against germs, and
has antioxidants
Totally normal
Stork Bites / Salmon Patches
Light pink, flat spots on baby’s face or neck
Seen in about 80% of babies
Harmless, usually fade in 1–2 years
They blanch (fade) when pressed
Milia
Tiny white dots on the face (especially the nose)
Caused by blocked pores
Goes away by 2 months
Strawberry Hemangiomas
Bright red spots that may show up a few days after birth
Can grow or swell at first
Often seen on the face or ears
,Usually go away on their own by age 5–10, but some may need
follow-up if deep or in important areas
Mode of Delivery
Can give clues about how well the baby is adjusting after birth.
Cephalohematoma
Collection of blood between skull and posterium
Firmer-defined area compared to caput, can feel the outline
Does not cross suture line
Subgaleal Hematoma
This is the most serious type of head bleeding in a newborn.
It happens when blood builds up under the scalp, between the
skull and the skin.
The bleeding can be massive and hard to stop.
It can lead to shock or even death if not caught and treated
quickly
Why it’s dangerous:
The baby can lose a lot of blood into this space.
Needs urgent medical attention.
New born breathing
Air breathing
RR: 30-60 bpm (doesn't have to be regular)
May take 4-11 breaths for adequate gas exchange to be
, established
90min may be needed to establish regular RR
O2 sat monitoring → >90% within the first 10 mins of life (not
done for every baby)
CVS of newborn
Cardiovascular remodeling
HR: 100-160 bpm
Glucose/ Energy Management for newborns
Before birth, the baby gets all its sugar
(glucose) and energy from the mom through her blood.
But right after birth, the baby is on its own — no more help
from the placenta.
So the baby needs to make and manage its own energy, and
for that it needs glucose (sugar).
Luckily, the baby’s liver stores extra sugar (called glycogen)
starting around week 9–10 of pregnancy.
By the time the baby is born, it has about twice as much stored
sugar as an adult — to help it stay strong and energized after
birth.
When a baby is born, their body goes through 3 big phases as
they adjust to life outside the womb:
1) First Period of Reactivity (Lasts up to 30- 60 mins after
birth)
- Baby is wide awake, moving, and alert
Solutions
Vernix
White, creamy stuff on baby’s skin at birth
More common in premature babies
Acts like a moisturizer, protects against germs, and
has antioxidants
Totally normal
Stork Bites / Salmon Patches
Light pink, flat spots on baby’s face or neck
Seen in about 80% of babies
Harmless, usually fade in 1–2 years
They blanch (fade) when pressed
Milia
Tiny white dots on the face (especially the nose)
Caused by blocked pores
Goes away by 2 months
Strawberry Hemangiomas
Bright red spots that may show up a few days after birth
Can grow or swell at first
Often seen on the face or ears
,Usually go away on their own by age 5–10, but some may need
follow-up if deep or in important areas
Mode of Delivery
Can give clues about how well the baby is adjusting after birth.
Cephalohematoma
Collection of blood between skull and posterium
Firmer-defined area compared to caput, can feel the outline
Does not cross suture line
Subgaleal Hematoma
This is the most serious type of head bleeding in a newborn.
It happens when blood builds up under the scalp, between the
skull and the skin.
The bleeding can be massive and hard to stop.
It can lead to shock or even death if not caught and treated
quickly
Why it’s dangerous:
The baby can lose a lot of blood into this space.
Needs urgent medical attention.
New born breathing
Air breathing
RR: 30-60 bpm (doesn't have to be regular)
May take 4-11 breaths for adequate gas exchange to be
, established
90min may be needed to establish regular RR
O2 sat monitoring → >90% within the first 10 mins of life (not
done for every baby)
CVS of newborn
Cardiovascular remodeling
HR: 100-160 bpm
Glucose/ Energy Management for newborns
Before birth, the baby gets all its sugar
(glucose) and energy from the mom through her blood.
But right after birth, the baby is on its own — no more help
from the placenta.
So the baby needs to make and manage its own energy, and
for that it needs glucose (sugar).
Luckily, the baby’s liver stores extra sugar (called glycogen)
starting around week 9–10 of pregnancy.
By the time the baby is born, it has about twice as much stored
sugar as an adult — to help it stay strong and energized after
birth.
When a baby is born, their body goes through 3 big phases as
they adjust to life outside the womb:
1) First Period of Reactivity (Lasts up to 30- 60 mins after
birth)
- Baby is wide awake, moving, and alert
