NURS 511 Exam 2 Study Guide

NURSnj511njExamnj2njStudynjGui
de
1.njLabelnjthenjdiagramnjofnjthenjleftnjventricularnjpressure/

volumenjloopnj(blank)njHownjwouldnjyounjfindnjstrokenjvolumenjandnjejectionnjfracti
2.Labelnjthenjdiagramnjofnjthenjleftnjventricularnjpressure/volumenjloopnj(answers)
on?:
Hownjwouldnjyounjfindnjstrokenjvolume,njejectionnjfraction,njandnjsystolicnjbloodnjpre
-njsure?:nj1.njMitralnjvalvenjopens;njESV
2.Atrialnjfillingnj(diastole)
3.Mitralnjvalvenjcloses;njEDV
4.Isovolumetricnjcontraction
5.Aorticnjvalvenjopens
6.Systolenjfast/slownjejection
7.Aorticnjvalvenjcloses
8.Isovolumetricnjrelaxation

SVnj=nj(EDVnj-
njESV)njEJ

%nj=nj(SVnj/njEDV)
SBPnj=njpeaknjofnjwaveform
3.Whatnjchangesnjinnjthenjleftnjventricularnjloopnjwouldnjoccurnjifnjtherenjwasn
jannjincreasednjornjdecreasednjpreload?:njIncreasednjpreload

->njincreasednjXnjaxisnjandnjSV
->njESVnjmovesnjtonjthenjright

Decreasednjpreload
->njdecreasednjXnjaxisnjandnjSV
->njESVnjmovesnjtonjthenjleft
4.Whatnjchangesnjinnjthenjleftnjventricularnjloopnjwouldnjoccurnjifnjtherenjwasn
jannjincreasednjornjdecreasednjafterload?:njIncreasednjafterload

->njincreasednjYnjaxis;njmorenjpressurenjneedednjtonjopennjaorticnjvalve
->njsmallernjSV
->njESVnjmovesnjtonjthenjright

Decreasednjafterload
->njdecreasednjYnjaxis
->njESVnjmovesnjtonjthenjleft
5.NewnjYorknjAssociationnjfunctionalnjclassificationnjofnjpatientsnjwithnjheartnjd
is-njease
1nj/
nj60

, NURSnj511njExamnj2njStudynjGui
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Whennjshouldnjanjpreopnjechocardiogramnjbenjperformednjonnjanjpatientnjinnjclas
snjI?:njWhennjshouldnjanjpreopnjechocardiogramnjbenjperformednjonnjanjpatie
ntnjinnjclassnjI?
->njIfnjsuspectednjmoderatenjornjgreaternjdegreesnjofnjvalvularnjdisease:
- nonjpriornjechonjfornj1njyr
- significantnjchangenjinnjsymptomsnjsincenjlastnjevaluation

Echonjisnjthenjgoldennjstandardnjfornjvalvularnjassessmentnjpreop
6.Whatnjcannjbenjevaluatednjwithnjannjechocardiogram?
nj(7):nj1)njdeterminenjsignifi-njcancenjofnjcardiacnjmurmurs




2) IDnjhemodynamicnjabnormalitiesnjassociatednjwithnjphysicalnjfindings

3) transvalvularnjpressurenjgradient

4) valvenjsurfacenjarea

5) EF

6) diagnosenjregurgitation

7) evaluatednjprostheticnjvalvenjfunction
7.Whatnjcardiacnjconditionsnjwouldnjmakenjantibioticnjprophylaxisnjfornjdentalnjpr
o-njceduresnjreasonablenjtonjpreventnjendocarditis?
nj(4):nj1)njProsthetic njcardiacnjvalve




2) Previousnjinfectivenjendocarditis

3) Congenitalnjheartnjdisease

4) Cardiacnjtransplantnjrecipientsnjwhonjdevelopnjcardiacnjvalvulopathy

5) Respiratorynjmanipulation

***recommendednjfornjinvasivenjprocedures
***NOTnjfornjGInjornjGUnjprocedures
8.DescribenjwhatnjvalvenjopensnjandnjclosesnjduringnjS1njandnj

S2njWhatnjdoesnjannjS3njindicate?
2nj/
nj60

, NURSnj511njExamnj2njStudynjGui
de
WhatnjdoesnjannjS4njindicate?:njS3nj(rightnjafternjS2)




3nj/
nj60

, NURSnj511njExamnj2njStudynjGui
de
->njnormalnjinnjchildren
->njventricularnjfailurenjornjdilatednjcardiomyopathy

S4nj(rightnjbeforenjS1)
->njstiffenednjventricularnj(hypertrophy,njchronicnjHTN,njaorticnjstenosis)
9.Whatnjwouldnjexplainnjthenjetiologynjofnjaorticnjstenosisnjinnjthenjfollowingnja
genjgroups?

<30njyears
60-70njyears
>70njyears:nj<30njyearsnjcongenitalnj(bicuspidnjaorti

cnjvalve)nj60-70njyearsnjrheumatic

>70njyearsnjdegenerative
10.Thenjonlynjheartnjvalvenjwithnjtwonjleafletsnjisnjthenj thersnjhav
valve;njallnjonjthree.:njMitral e


11.AorticnjStenosis

1) Normalnjvsnjabnormalnjaorticnjvalvenjsurfacenjarea
2) Describenjpressurenjgradient
3) DescribenjthenjpresentationnjofnjaorticnjstenosisnjonnjthenjLVnjloop:nj1)njNor
mal:nj2.5-3.5cm^2
Abnormal:nj<0.8cm^2

2) ThenjpressurenjgradientnjinsidenjthenjLVnjcannjexceednj150mmHgnjmorenjthan
thenjaorta

3) (seenjpicture)
- straightnjlinesnjup/down
- increasednjYnjaxis
- increasednjESVnjandnjEDV
- decreasednjSV
12.AorticnjStenosis

1) Physicalnjexamnjfindings

4nj/
nj60