Page | 1
HSC 3720 Exam 1 Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Question:what is the leading cause of death in the United States?
Ans: heart disease and cancers, which are currently the leading causes of
death in industrialized societies
Question: Chronic diseases and their impact on the United States
Ans: Far less progress has been made against chronic conditions such as heart
disease and cancers, which are currently the leading causes of death in
industrialized societies. Under the biomedical model, a heart attack is seen as
arterial blockage, tissue damage, and pain. How the person reacts to these
physical events as well as what behavior might have contributed to the
condition are generally not considered.
Question: Biomedical Model
, Page | 2
Ans: The Biomedical Model essentially separates the mind and body, know as
mind-body dualism. It also propagates the idea of Reductionism, the doctrine
that the phenomena of health and illness are best understood at the level of
physics and chemistry, or biochemical characteristics. This approach has been
useful, especially in the early twentieth century. Many acute diseases have
been eradicated or controlled by studying these diseases from a biomedical
perspective (e.g., smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza, pneumonia).
Criticisms of the Biomedical Model:
Individuals have different reactions to symptoms and may report the
symptoms differently. Psychological, social, and cultural factors may influence
how symptoms of a disease are experienced and reported, and how they
affect the person. Biomedical indicators cannot account for these factors.
Diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plans depend on the input of the
patient. The input of the patient's significant others may also be critical to a
complete diagnosis and treatment plan.
Humans are not merely biological beings. Their state of health is affected by
more than biological functioning. Humans are also psychological and social
creatures, and all three aspects affect the state of health. The biomedical
approach ignores the influence of life situations on the person's health. The
timing of a disease is often related to life changes and/or changes in social
support. Psychological and social factors may also be critical for determining
when the person comes to view himself or herself as ill. The biomedical model
is also not capable of explaining why people do or do not seek help, and the
timing of the decision. The biomedical model also fails to account for the
person's return to health after being ill. We normally think of a person as being
cured when the physiological abnor
Question: Sociological Model of Health
, Page | 3
Ans: The Sociological Model of Health
The sociological approach to health emphasizes the social and cultural aspects
of health and illness. It focuses on the individual's capacity to perform roles
and tasks. The model acknowledges that there are social differences among
individuals in the way they define health. The individual's own definition is
given centrality rather than the physician's.
Health relates to the ability to comply with social norms and to perform the
roles and tasks for which an individual has been socialized. There is no
assumption that disease can be objectified. The focus is much broader and
more socially relevant than physical malfunction. The definition is stated in
positive terms as opposed to the absence of physiological malfunction. It
includes all the dimensions of individuals that impact on social participation.
Thus, health is defined more by social criteria than physical criteria. What may
be considered a positive state of health for one person may be considered as
unhealthy by another. The perception of health is relative to one's culture and
one's position in the social culture, and is influenced by social criteria. Personal
definitions of health may vary by age, gender, and perceived level of health.
For example:
Younger men conceptualize health in terms of physical strength and fitness.
Young women focus on energy, vitality, and ability to cope.
Older men and women consider health in terms of functioning and state of
contentment and happiness.
Women of all ages are more likely to include social relationships in their
definition of health.
These models are not without their critics. Much of the criticism revolves
around the abstract nature of their definitions of health. Critics contend that
they are so abstract that health status can not be measured. Put another way,
these models rely too he
Question: Psychological Model of health
HSC 3720 Exam 1 Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Question:what is the leading cause of death in the United States?
Ans: heart disease and cancers, which are currently the leading causes of
death in industrialized societies
Question: Chronic diseases and their impact on the United States
Ans: Far less progress has been made against chronic conditions such as heart
disease and cancers, which are currently the leading causes of death in
industrialized societies. Under the biomedical model, a heart attack is seen as
arterial blockage, tissue damage, and pain. How the person reacts to these
physical events as well as what behavior might have contributed to the
condition are generally not considered.
Question: Biomedical Model
, Page | 2
Ans: The Biomedical Model essentially separates the mind and body, know as
mind-body dualism. It also propagates the idea of Reductionism, the doctrine
that the phenomena of health and illness are best understood at the level of
physics and chemistry, or biochemical characteristics. This approach has been
useful, especially in the early twentieth century. Many acute diseases have
been eradicated or controlled by studying these diseases from a biomedical
perspective (e.g., smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza, pneumonia).
Criticisms of the Biomedical Model:
Individuals have different reactions to symptoms and may report the
symptoms differently. Psychological, social, and cultural factors may influence
how symptoms of a disease are experienced and reported, and how they
affect the person. Biomedical indicators cannot account for these factors.
Diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plans depend on the input of the
patient. The input of the patient's significant others may also be critical to a
complete diagnosis and treatment plan.
Humans are not merely biological beings. Their state of health is affected by
more than biological functioning. Humans are also psychological and social
creatures, and all three aspects affect the state of health. The biomedical
approach ignores the influence of life situations on the person's health. The
timing of a disease is often related to life changes and/or changes in social
support. Psychological and social factors may also be critical for determining
when the person comes to view himself or herself as ill. The biomedical model
is also not capable of explaining why people do or do not seek help, and the
timing of the decision. The biomedical model also fails to account for the
person's return to health after being ill. We normally think of a person as being
cured when the physiological abnor
Question: Sociological Model of Health
, Page | 3
Ans: The Sociological Model of Health
The sociological approach to health emphasizes the social and cultural aspects
of health and illness. It focuses on the individual's capacity to perform roles
and tasks. The model acknowledges that there are social differences among
individuals in the way they define health. The individual's own definition is
given centrality rather than the physician's.
Health relates to the ability to comply with social norms and to perform the
roles and tasks for which an individual has been socialized. There is no
assumption that disease can be objectified. The focus is much broader and
more socially relevant than physical malfunction. The definition is stated in
positive terms as opposed to the absence of physiological malfunction. It
includes all the dimensions of individuals that impact on social participation.
Thus, health is defined more by social criteria than physical criteria. What may
be considered a positive state of health for one person may be considered as
unhealthy by another. The perception of health is relative to one's culture and
one's position in the social culture, and is influenced by social criteria. Personal
definitions of health may vary by age, gender, and perceived level of health.
For example:
Younger men conceptualize health in terms of physical strength and fitness.
Young women focus on energy, vitality, and ability to cope.
Older men and women consider health in terms of functioning and state of
contentment and happiness.
Women of all ages are more likely to include social relationships in their
definition of health.
These models are not without their critics. Much of the criticism revolves
around the abstract nature of their definitions of health. Critics contend that
they are so abstract that health status can not be measured. Put another way,
these models rely too he
Question: Psychological Model of health
