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Extrinsic stains - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- appear on the exterior of tooth and can be
removed ex: food, drinks, and tobacco
Black line stain - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔formation of a thin black to dark brown line
slightly above the gingiva and following the contour of the gingival margin; found
primarily in women and often in cases of excellent oral hygiene
Air-powder polishing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔high-pressure stream of water and sodium
bicarbonate
orange stain - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔this extrinsic stain is believed to be caused by
chromogenic bacteria often related to drug therapy such as antibiotics. It is
uncommon but if it does occur, it can be found on the lingual and facial surfaces of
the anterior teeth near the gingival margin.
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,Chlorhexidine Stain - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔this stain occurs with prolonged use of
chlorhexidine which is found in chewing gum and mouth rinse. It is yellowish to
green to brown in color and appears in restorations.
Intrinsic stains - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔stains that are incorporated into the tooth
structure, usually during the tooth's development, ex tobacco stains, smoking,
chewing or dipping.
Endogenous stains - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔originate within the tooth through
development and systemic disturbances. CANNOT BE REMOVED. Caused by -
amount of flouride during formation of the tooth, medications used
Exogenous stains - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔originate outside the tooth caused by
environmental agents
Dental fluorosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔occurs as a result of high concentrations of
fluoride received systemically during tooth development. The color of the stain
varies from white to yellow-brown or gray-brown. The outer surface may be pitted
and rough depending on severity. The stain is distributed relative
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Pulp damaged or nonvital tooth stain - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔this type of intrinsic stain
occurs when the pulp is damaged or removed. This stain can vary in color from
light yellow to black to green to magenta and is caused by blood and pulp tissues
seeping into the dentin tubules.
Tetracycline stain - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the result of high concentrations of
tetracycline antibiotics taken during the time the tooth was developing. The stain
varies in color from light green or yellow to dark gray-brown
ZOE temporary luting cement - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔most common because they have a
sedative effect on sensitive teeth, eugenol can penetrate and diffuse through the
dentin which can affect the bond strength, this material presents an excellent
antibacterial effect.
Polycarboxylate temporary luting cement - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Designed to replace
eugenol with carboxylic acids that do not interfere with definitive cementation,
they are compatible with resin products, show greater retention compared with
ZOE, they do not have sedative effects on the pulp
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED