Theory and Practice of counseling and psychotherapy Final exam with correct answers.

Theory and Practice of counseling and
psychotherapy Final exam with correct
answers

The |basic |philosophies |for |Psychoanalytic |therapy |- |answershuman |beings |are |basically |determined |by
|psychic |energy |and |by |early |experiences. |unconscious |motives |and |conflicts |are |central |in |present |

behavior. |Early |development |is |of |critical |importance |because |later |personality |have |roots |in |
repressed |childhood |conflicts.

The |basic |philosophies |for |Existential |therapy |- |answersthe |central |focus |is |on |the |nature |of |human |
conditions, |which |includes |a |capacity |for |self |awareness, |freedom |of |choice |to |decide |one's |fate, |
responsibility, |anxiety, |the |search |for |meaning, |being |alone |and |being |in |relation |with |others, |striving |
for |authenticity, |and |facing |living |and |dying.

the |basic |philosophies |for |person-centered |therapy |- |answerspositive |view |of |people; |we |have |an |
inclination |towards |becoming |fully |functioning. |In |the |context |of |the |therapeutic |relationship, |the |
client |experiences |feelings |that |were |previously |denied |to |awareness. |the |client |moves |towards |
increased |awareness, |spontaneity, |trust |in |self, |and |inner-directedness.

The |basic |philosophies |for |cognitive |behavior |therapy |- |answersindividuals |tend |to |incorporate |faulty |
thinking, |which |leads |to |emotional |and |behavioral |disturbances. |Cognitions |are |the |major |
determinants |of |how |we |feel |and |act. |Therapy |is |primarily |focused |towards |cognition |and |behavior, |
and |it |stresses |the |role |of |thinking, |deciding, |questioning, |doing, |redeciding. |Is |a |Psychoeducational |
model, |which |emphasizes |therapy |as |a |learning |process, |including |acquiring |and |practice |new |skills, |
learning |new |ways |of |thinking, |and |acquiring |more |effective |ways |of |coping |with |problems.

The |basic |philosophies |for |feminist |therapy |- |answersthe |constructs |of |this |theory |include |being |
gender |fair, |flexible, |interactionist, |and |life-span-orientated. |Gender |and |power |are |at |the |heart |of |
the |therapy. |this |is |a |systems |approach |that |recognizes |the |culture, |social, |and |political |factors |that |
contribute |to |an |individuals |problems.

The |basic |philosophies |for |postmodern |approaches |- |answersbased |on |the |premise |that |there |are |
multiple |realities |and |multiple |truths, |The |therapies |reject |the |idea |that |reality |is |external |and |can |be |
grasped. |People |create |meaning |in |their |lives |through |conversations |with |others. |the |approaches |
avoid |pathologizing |clients, |take |a |dim |view |of |diagnosis, |avoid |searching |for |underlying |causes |of |
problems, |and |place |a |high |value |on |discovering |client's |strengths |and |resources. |Rather |than |talk |
about |problems, |the |focus |of |therapy |is |on |creating |solutions |in |the |present |and |the |future.

The |basic |philosophies |for |family |systems |therapy |- |answersthe |family |is |viewed |from |an |interactive |
and |systemic |perspective. |Clients |are |connected |to |a |living |system; |a |change |in |one |part |of |the |
system |will |result |in |a |change |in |other |parts. |The |family |provides |the |context |for |understanding |how |
individuals |function |in |relationship |to |others |and |how |they |behave. |Treatment |deals |with |the |family |

, unit. |An |individual's |dysfunctional |behavior |grows |out |of |the |interactional |unit |of |family |and |out |of |
larger |systems |as |well.

Key |concepts |of |Psychoanalytic |therapy |- |answersnormal |personality |development |is |based |on |
successful |resolution |and |integration |of |psychosexual |stages |of |development.

Key |concepts |of |Existential |therapy |- |answersessentially |an |experiential |approach |to |counseling |rather
|than |a |firm |theoretical |model, |it |stresses |core |human |conditions. |Interest |is |on |the |present |and |what

|one |is |becoming. |the |approach |has |a |future |orientation |and |stresses |self |awareness |before |action.



Key |concepts |of |person-centered |therapy |- |answersclient |has |potential |to |become |aware |of |problems
|and |the |means |to |resolve |them. |Faith |is |placed |in |the |clients |capacity |for |self-direction. |Mental |

health |is |a |congruence |of |ideal |self |and |real |self. |Maladjustment |is |the |result |of |discrepancy |between |
what |one |wants |to |be |and |what |one |is. |In |therapy |attention |is |given |on |the |present |moment |and |on |
experiencing |and |expressing |feelings.

Key |concepts |of |cognitive |behavior |therapy |- |answersalthough |psychological |problems |may |be |rooted |
in |childhood |are |reinforced |by |present |ways |of |thinking. |A |person's |belief |system |is |primary |cause |of |
disorders. |Internal |dialogue |plays |a |central |role |in |one's |behavior. |Clients |focus |on |examining |faulty |
assumptions |and |misconceptions |and |on |replacing |these |with |effective |beliefs

Key |concepts |of |feminist |therapy |- |answersthe |core |principles |are |that |the |personal |is |political, |
therapists |have |a |commitment |to |social |change, |women's |voices |and |ways |of |knowing |are |valued |and
|women's |experiences |are |honored, |the |counseling |relationship |is |egalitarian, |therapy |focuses |on |

strengths |and |a |reformulated |def. |of |psychological |distress, |and |all |types |of |oppression |are |
recognized.

Key |concepts |of |postmodern |approaches |- |answerstherapy |tends |to |be |brief |and |addresses |the |
present |and |the |future. |The |person |is |not |the |problem; |the |problem |is |the |problem. |the |emphasis |is |
on |the |externalizing |the |problem |and |looking |for |exceptions |to |the |problem. |Therapy |consist |of |a |
collaborative |dialogue |in |which |the |therapist |and |the |client |co-create |solutions. |By |identifying |
instance |when |the |problem |did |not |exit, |clients |can |create |new |meanings |for |themselves |and |fashion |
a |new |life |story.

Key |concepts |of |family |systems |therapy |- |answersfocus |on |verbal |and |non |verbal |communication |
patterns |in |the |family. |Problems |in |relationships |are |likely |to |be |passed |from |generation |to |
generation. |Key |concepts |vary |depending |on |specific |orientation |but |include |differentiation, |triangles, |
power |coalitions, |family-of-origin |dynamics, |functional |v. |dysfunctional |interaction |patterns, |and |
dealing |with |here |and |now |interactions. |The |present |is |more |important |than |exploring |the |past |
experiences.

Goals |of |therapy |for |Psychoanalytic |therapy |- |answersto |make |the |unconscious |conscious. |To |
reconstruct |the |basic |personality. |To |assist |clients |in |reliving |earlier |experiences |and |working |through |
repressed |conflicts. |To |achieve |intellectual |and |emotional |awareness.

Goals |of |therapy |for |Existential |therapy |- |answersto |help |people |see |they |are |free |and |to |become |
aware |of |their |possibilities. |To |challenge |them |to |recognize |that |they |are |responsible |for |events |that |
they |formerly |thought |were |happening |to |them. |To |identify |factors |that |are |blocked.