NU664C PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA EXAM
QUESTIONS AND 100% FULLY CORRECT ANSWERS
180 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is psychosis? A: Psychosis is a mental state characterized by a loss of
contact with reality, involving hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking,
and/or disorganized behavior.
2. What are the primary symptoms of psychosis? A: The primary symptoms
include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or
abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms.
3. What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms in
psychotic disorders? A: Positive symptoms are additions to normal experience
(hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech), while negative symptoms are
reductions in normal functioning (diminished emotional expression, avolition,
alogia).
4. Define hallucinations. A: Hallucinations are perception-like experiences that
occur without an external stimulus, appearing real to the person experiencing
them.
5. What are the five types of hallucinations? A: Auditory, visual, tactile,
olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations.
6. What are delusions? A: Delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not
amenable to change despite contradictory evidence and are not explained by
cultural or religious background.
7. Name the common types of delusions. A: Persecutory, grandiose,
erotomanic, somatic, mixed, and unspecified delusions.
,8. What is disorganized thinking? A: Disorganized thinking is inferred from
disorganized speech, characterized by loose associations, tangentiality, and
incoherence.
9. What is grossly disorganized behavior? A: Behavior that is inappropriate
for the situation, unpredictable, and interferes with goal-directed activity.
10. What is catatonia? A: A psychomotor syndrome characterized by stupor,
catalepsy, waxy flexibility, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerisms,
stereotypies, agitation, grimacing, echolalia, and echopraxia.
11. What is avolition? A: A decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful
activities, manifested as sitting for long periods and showing little interest in
participating in activities.
12. What is alogia? A: Diminished speech output, characterized by brief,
laconic, empty replies.
13. What is anhedonia? A: The decreased ability to experience pleasure from
positive stimuli or degradation in the recollection of pleasure previously
experienced.
14. What is affect flattening? A: Reductions in the range and intensity of
emotional expression, including facial expression, voice tone, eye contact, and
body language.
15. What is asociality? A: Apparent lack of interest in social interactions,
manifested by few peer relationships and reduced social activity.
16. What is the prodromal phase of psychosis? A: The early stage of
psychotic illness characterized by gradual deterioration in functioning and the
emergence of attenuated psychotic symptoms.
17. What is the difference between brief psychotic episodes and chronic
psychotic disorders? A: Brief psychotic episodes last less than one month with
eventual return to normal functioning, while chronic disorders persist for
months or years.
18. What is insight in the context of psychotic disorders? A: The degree to
which a person recognizes that they have a mental disorder and understands the
nature of their symptoms.
19. What is reality testing? A: The ability to distinguish between internal
experiences and external reality, which is impaired in psychotic disorders.
, 20. What is thought broadcasting? A: A delusion where the person believes
their thoughts are being transmitted to others.
21. What is thought insertion? A: A delusion where the person believes that
thoughts are being placed into their mind by an external force.
22. What is thought withdrawal? A: A delusion where the person believes
their thoughts are being removed from their mind.
23. What are ideas of reference? A: The belief that random events, objects, or
behaviors of others have particular significance specifically for the individual.
24. What is circumstantiality? A: A pattern of speech that is indirect and
delayed in reaching its goal, with excessive detail and parenthetical remarks.
25. What is tangentiality? A: Deviation from the original topic to related
topics without returning to the original point.
Section 2: Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (Questions 26-75)
26. What is schizophrenia? A: A chronic mental disorder characterized by
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic
behavior, and negative symptoms lasting at least 6 months.
27. What are the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to DSM-5?
A: Two or more positive/negative symptoms for at least 1 month during a 6-
month period, with significant functional impairment.
28. What is the minimum duration requirement for schizophrenia
diagnosis? A: Continuous signs of disturbance for at least 6 months, including
at least 1 month of active symptoms.
29. What is brief psychotic disorder? A: Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms
lasting at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual return to normal
functioning.
30. What is schizophreniform disorder? A: Symptoms characteristic of
schizophrenia lasting at least 1 month but less than 6 months.
31. What is delusional disorder? A: Presence of one or more delusions for at
least 1 month with relatively intact functioning outside the delusion.
32. What is substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder? A: Psychotic
symptoms that are a direct physiological consequence of intoxication,
withdrawal, or medication effects.
QUESTIONS AND 100% FULLY CORRECT ANSWERS
180 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is psychosis? A: Psychosis is a mental state characterized by a loss of
contact with reality, involving hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking,
and/or disorganized behavior.
2. What are the primary symptoms of psychosis? A: The primary symptoms
include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or
abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms.
3. What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms in
psychotic disorders? A: Positive symptoms are additions to normal experience
(hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech), while negative symptoms are
reductions in normal functioning (diminished emotional expression, avolition,
alogia).
4. Define hallucinations. A: Hallucinations are perception-like experiences that
occur without an external stimulus, appearing real to the person experiencing
them.
5. What are the five types of hallucinations? A: Auditory, visual, tactile,
olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations.
6. What are delusions? A: Delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not
amenable to change despite contradictory evidence and are not explained by
cultural or religious background.
7. Name the common types of delusions. A: Persecutory, grandiose,
erotomanic, somatic, mixed, and unspecified delusions.
,8. What is disorganized thinking? A: Disorganized thinking is inferred from
disorganized speech, characterized by loose associations, tangentiality, and
incoherence.
9. What is grossly disorganized behavior? A: Behavior that is inappropriate
for the situation, unpredictable, and interferes with goal-directed activity.
10. What is catatonia? A: A psychomotor syndrome characterized by stupor,
catalepsy, waxy flexibility, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerisms,
stereotypies, agitation, grimacing, echolalia, and echopraxia.
11. What is avolition? A: A decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful
activities, manifested as sitting for long periods and showing little interest in
participating in activities.
12. What is alogia? A: Diminished speech output, characterized by brief,
laconic, empty replies.
13. What is anhedonia? A: The decreased ability to experience pleasure from
positive stimuli or degradation in the recollection of pleasure previously
experienced.
14. What is affect flattening? A: Reductions in the range and intensity of
emotional expression, including facial expression, voice tone, eye contact, and
body language.
15. What is asociality? A: Apparent lack of interest in social interactions,
manifested by few peer relationships and reduced social activity.
16. What is the prodromal phase of psychosis? A: The early stage of
psychotic illness characterized by gradual deterioration in functioning and the
emergence of attenuated psychotic symptoms.
17. What is the difference between brief psychotic episodes and chronic
psychotic disorders? A: Brief psychotic episodes last less than one month with
eventual return to normal functioning, while chronic disorders persist for
months or years.
18. What is insight in the context of psychotic disorders? A: The degree to
which a person recognizes that they have a mental disorder and understands the
nature of their symptoms.
19. What is reality testing? A: The ability to distinguish between internal
experiences and external reality, which is impaired in psychotic disorders.
, 20. What is thought broadcasting? A: A delusion where the person believes
their thoughts are being transmitted to others.
21. What is thought insertion? A: A delusion where the person believes that
thoughts are being placed into their mind by an external force.
22. What is thought withdrawal? A: A delusion where the person believes
their thoughts are being removed from their mind.
23. What are ideas of reference? A: The belief that random events, objects, or
behaviors of others have particular significance specifically for the individual.
24. What is circumstantiality? A: A pattern of speech that is indirect and
delayed in reaching its goal, with excessive detail and parenthetical remarks.
25. What is tangentiality? A: Deviation from the original topic to related
topics without returning to the original point.
Section 2: Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (Questions 26-75)
26. What is schizophrenia? A: A chronic mental disorder characterized by
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic
behavior, and negative symptoms lasting at least 6 months.
27. What are the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to DSM-5?
A: Two or more positive/negative symptoms for at least 1 month during a 6-
month period, with significant functional impairment.
28. What is the minimum duration requirement for schizophrenia
diagnosis? A: Continuous signs of disturbance for at least 6 months, including
at least 1 month of active symptoms.
29. What is brief psychotic disorder? A: Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms
lasting at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual return to normal
functioning.
30. What is schizophreniform disorder? A: Symptoms characteristic of
schizophrenia lasting at least 1 month but less than 6 months.
31. What is delusional disorder? A: Presence of one or more delusions for at
least 1 month with relatively intact functioning outside the delusion.
32. What is substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder? A: Psychotic
symptoms that are a direct physiological consequence of intoxication,
withdrawal, or medication effects.
