PLTW Biomedical Science Final Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6ogx8n
1. What is a calorie? A unit of heat energy
2. With our crude calorimeters in class we A combustion reaction occurs. The food and
burned food by lighting it on fire. What oxygen in the air combine to form carbon
chemical reaction occurs when food is dioxide and water molecules and produce
burned? How does this reaction relate to lots of energy. This happens in the body
the breakdown of food for energy in our as well, using enzymes to catalyze all of the
body? reactions.
3. If you burned a sample of food and the Calories = (1 cal/goC) (16oC) (100g) = 1600
temperature of 100g of water in your calories
calorimeter rose from 20oC to 36oC, how
many calories were in the food sample?
Calories = (specific heat of water) x
(change in temp of water) x (mass of wa-
ter) Specific heat of water = 1 calorie/goC
4. If the food sample you burned above had 1600 calories/2g = 800 calories/gram
a mass of 10g before burning and 8g after
burning, how many calories/gram did the
food contain?
5. We are expressing our calories calculated 1 food Calorie = 1000 chemistry calories
above as chemistry calories. How are food
calories different?
6. Which macromolecules -- carbohydrates, Lipids have the highest: 9 Calories/gram.
proteins or lipids - have the highest calo-
ries/gram?
7. In our bodies the food we eat is broken In the mouth with active chewing and the
down into its building blocks as it passes enzymes in saliva.
through our digestive system. Answer the
, PLTW Biomedical Science Final Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6ogx8n
following questions about this process:
Where does digestion begin?
8. The enzymes amylase and lipase are Amylase breaks down carbohydrates. Lipase
found in saliva. Which macromolecules do breaks down lipids.
these enzymes break down?
9. In the stomach, lipase and pepsin are se- Pepsin breaks down proteins.
creted. Which macromolecule does pepsin
break down?
10. What substance is made in the liver and Bile: it helps to dissolve (emulsify) lipids
stored in the gall bladder? What does it
do?
11. The duodenum is part of which organ in The small intestine
the digestive system?
12. Several enzymes are secreted into the Trypsin and chymotrypsin break down pro-
duodenum, including trypsin and chy- teins.
motrypsin. Which macromolecule do
these enzymes break down?
13. Besides digestion in the first part of the Absorption of nutrients into the blood-
small intestine, what is the major role for stream.
the rest of the small intestine?
14. What happens in the large intestine to the Water is removed from the food in the large
remaining digested food? intestine.
15. The building blocks of the macromole- Glucose. Glucose comes from starch, a car-
cules are further broken down through bohydrate polymer.
the catabolic pathway in our cells. Answer
the following questions about this meta-
, PLTW Biomedical Science Final Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6ogx8n
bolic pathway:
What is our primary source of energy?
What macromolecule does it come from?
16. What is the end product of the energy pro- ATP
ducing catabolic pathway?
17. Which of the macromolecules is a last re- Protein
sort energy source (only used when you
run out of the others)?
18. Describe three differences between Type Type 1: born with it (maybe genetic compo-
1 and Type 2 diabetes: nent), body does not produce insulin, can-
not be cured, must take insulin to control it
Type 2: later onset, due to inability of body
to take insulin into cells (can be problems
with insulin receptors), insulin usually not a
course of treatment, can often be cured by
changes to diet and exercise.
19. Define the term hyperglycemia high blood glucose levels
20. Why would a diabetic become hyper- Not taking enough insulin, eating too much
glycemic? (especially carbs) for the insulin level
21. Define the term hypoglycemia low blood glucose levels
22. Why would a diabetic become hypo- If they had taken too much insulin or not
glycemic? eaten enough for their insulin levels
23. Osmosis is the movement of water When hyperglycemic, the blood is more
through a semipermeable membrane, like concentrated than the cells, so water would
a cell membrane. What net direction does move out of the cell into the blood.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6ogx8n
1. What is a calorie? A unit of heat energy
2. With our crude calorimeters in class we A combustion reaction occurs. The food and
burned food by lighting it on fire. What oxygen in the air combine to form carbon
chemical reaction occurs when food is dioxide and water molecules and produce
burned? How does this reaction relate to lots of energy. This happens in the body
the breakdown of food for energy in our as well, using enzymes to catalyze all of the
body? reactions.
3. If you burned a sample of food and the Calories = (1 cal/goC) (16oC) (100g) = 1600
temperature of 100g of water in your calories
calorimeter rose from 20oC to 36oC, how
many calories were in the food sample?
Calories = (specific heat of water) x
(change in temp of water) x (mass of wa-
ter) Specific heat of water = 1 calorie/goC
4. If the food sample you burned above had 1600 calories/2g = 800 calories/gram
a mass of 10g before burning and 8g after
burning, how many calories/gram did the
food contain?
5. We are expressing our calories calculated 1 food Calorie = 1000 chemistry calories
above as chemistry calories. How are food
calories different?
6. Which macromolecules -- carbohydrates, Lipids have the highest: 9 Calories/gram.
proteins or lipids - have the highest calo-
ries/gram?
7. In our bodies the food we eat is broken In the mouth with active chewing and the
down into its building blocks as it passes enzymes in saliva.
through our digestive system. Answer the
, PLTW Biomedical Science Final Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6ogx8n
following questions about this process:
Where does digestion begin?
8. The enzymes amylase and lipase are Amylase breaks down carbohydrates. Lipase
found in saliva. Which macromolecules do breaks down lipids.
these enzymes break down?
9. In the stomach, lipase and pepsin are se- Pepsin breaks down proteins.
creted. Which macromolecule does pepsin
break down?
10. What substance is made in the liver and Bile: it helps to dissolve (emulsify) lipids
stored in the gall bladder? What does it
do?
11. The duodenum is part of which organ in The small intestine
the digestive system?
12. Several enzymes are secreted into the Trypsin and chymotrypsin break down pro-
duodenum, including trypsin and chy- teins.
motrypsin. Which macromolecule do
these enzymes break down?
13. Besides digestion in the first part of the Absorption of nutrients into the blood-
small intestine, what is the major role for stream.
the rest of the small intestine?
14. What happens in the large intestine to the Water is removed from the food in the large
remaining digested food? intestine.
15. The building blocks of the macromole- Glucose. Glucose comes from starch, a car-
cules are further broken down through bohydrate polymer.
the catabolic pathway in our cells. Answer
the following questions about this meta-
, PLTW Biomedical Science Final Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6ogx8n
bolic pathway:
What is our primary source of energy?
What macromolecule does it come from?
16. What is the end product of the energy pro- ATP
ducing catabolic pathway?
17. Which of the macromolecules is a last re- Protein
sort energy source (only used when you
run out of the others)?
18. Describe three differences between Type Type 1: born with it (maybe genetic compo-
1 and Type 2 diabetes: nent), body does not produce insulin, can-
not be cured, must take insulin to control it
Type 2: later onset, due to inability of body
to take insulin into cells (can be problems
with insulin receptors), insulin usually not a
course of treatment, can often be cured by
changes to diet and exercise.
19. Define the term hyperglycemia high blood glucose levels
20. Why would a diabetic become hyper- Not taking enough insulin, eating too much
glycemic? (especially carbs) for the insulin level
21. Define the term hypoglycemia low blood glucose levels
22. Why would a diabetic become hypo- If they had taken too much insulin or not
glycemic? eaten enough for their insulin levels
23. Osmosis is the movement of water When hyperglycemic, the blood is more
through a semipermeable membrane, like concentrated than the cells, so water would
a cell membrane. What net direction does move out of the cell into the blood.
