,TEST BANK FOR x x
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
x x x x x x x x x x x
Chapter 1-27 x
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
x x x x x x x x x
MULTIPLE CHOICE x
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
x x x x x x x x
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B x
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
x x x x x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
x x x x x x x x
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. x
ANS: C x
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powd
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
x x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
x x x x x x x x
a. recognize self from nonself. x x x
b. defend the body against nonself. x x x x
c. amplify specific functions. x x
d. Both A and B. x x x
ANS: D x
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effecto
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
r mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immun
x x x x x x x x x x x x
e system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e
x x x x x x x x x x
.g., complement).
x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
x x x x x
a. natural resistance. x
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. x x x x
, c. an autoimmune disorder.x x
d. recovery from infectious disease. x x x
ANS: C x
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resist
x x x x x x x x x x x
ance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many dis
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
orders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted organ,
x x x x x x x x x x x x
or an autoimmune disorder.
x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
x x x x x x x
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. x x x
ANS: D x
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among
x x x x x x x x x x
different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
he immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In additio
x x x x x x x x x x x x
n, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell produ
x x x x x x x x x x x x
cts, and nonlymphoid elements.
x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the x x x x x x x
a. immediate hours after conception x x x
b. second month of gestation. x x x
c. second trimester of gestation. x x x
d. periods of severe anemia in children. x x x x x
ANS: A x
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nd fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: II x x
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
x x x x x x x x x x x
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
x x x x
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
x x x x
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. x x x x
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
x x x x
ANS: A x
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
xyolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
s the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the m
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ajor site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of ge
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
station, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow beg
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
x x x x x x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: II x x
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
x x x x x x
a. to reduce inflammation. x x
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
x x x x x x
c. antigen recognition. x
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D x
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syst
x x x x x x x x x x
em, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflamm
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
atory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intru
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in se
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
vere infections. x
DIF: Cognitive Level: II x x
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
x x x x x x x
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. x x x
ANS: D x
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
x x x x x x x x x x
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, x x x x x x x x
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. x x x x x x x x
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated wi
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
th:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba x
c. allergic reactions x
d. bacteria
ANS: C x
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
x x x x x x x x x x x
Chapter 1-27 x
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
x x x x x x x x x
MULTIPLE CHOICE x
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
x x x x x x x x
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B x
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
x x x x x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
x x x x x x x x
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. x
ANS: C x
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powd
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
x x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
x x x x x x x x
a. recognize self from nonself. x x x
b. defend the body against nonself. x x x x
c. amplify specific functions. x x
d. Both A and B. x x x
ANS: D x
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effecto
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
r mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immun
x x x x x x x x x x x x
e system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e
x x x x x x x x x x
.g., complement).
x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
x x x x x
a. natural resistance. x
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. x x x x
, c. an autoimmune disorder.x x
d. recovery from infectious disease. x x x
ANS: C x
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resist
x x x x x x x x x x x
ance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many dis
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
orders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted organ,
x x x x x x x x x x x x
or an autoimmune disorder.
x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
x x x x x x x
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. x x x
ANS: D x
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among
x x x x x x x x x x
different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in t
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
he immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In additio
x x x x x x x x x x x x
n, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell produ
x x x x x x x x x x x x
cts, and nonlymphoid elements.
x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the x x x x x x x
a. immediate hours after conception x x x
b. second month of gestation. x x x
c. second trimester of gestation. x x x
d. periods of severe anemia in children. x x x x x
ANS: A x
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
nd fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: II x x
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
x x x x x x x x x x x
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
x x x x
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
x x x x
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. x x x x
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
x x x x
ANS: A x
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of the
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
xyolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac a
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
s the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the m
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ajor site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of ge
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
station, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow beg
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
x x x x x x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: II x x
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
x x x x x x
a. to reduce inflammation. x x
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
x x x x x x
c. antigen recognition. x
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D x
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syst
x x x x x x x x x x
em, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflamm
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
atory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intru
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
ding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in se
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
vere infections. x
DIF: Cognitive Level: II x x
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
x x x x x x x
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. x x x
ANS: D x
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
x x x x x x x x x x
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, x x x x x x x x
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. x x x x x x x x
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases x x x x x x
DIF: Cognitive Level: I x x
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated wi
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
th:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba x
c. allergic reactions x
d. bacteria
ANS: C x
