Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 with precise detailed answers.

Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 with
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precise detailed answers
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Functions |of |the |Integumentary |System |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔-Resistance |to |trauma |and |infection

-Prevents |loss |or |gain |of |water

-Vitamin |D |synthesis

-Sensory |receptors |for |heat, |cold, |touch, |texture, |pressure, |vibration, |and |tissue |injury

-Thermoregulation



How |does |skin |resist |trauma |and |infection? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔-Skin |has |low |pH |to |reduce |
bacteria |and |fungi

-Cells |are |packed |closely |together |with |tough |protein |called |keratin



Name |3 |ways |the |integumentary |system |thermoregulates? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔-Glands |release |
sweat |for |evaporative |cooling

- |Vasoconstriction

- |Vasodilation



Define: |Vasoconstriction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔narrowing |of |blood |vessels, |reduces |heat |loss



Define: |Vasodilation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔widening |of |blood |vessels, |increases |heat |loss



What |are |the |2 |main |parts |of |the |integumentary |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔Epidermis- |outer |
layer

Dermis- |underlying |connective |tissue

*Hypodermis |not |really |part |of |the |skin!*

,What |does |the |epidermis |primarily |consist |of? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔keratinized |stratified |
squamous |epithelium



What |are |the |epidermal |derivatives? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔glands, |hair, |nails



What |are |the |4 |main |cell |types |in |the |epidermis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔- |Karatinocytes

- |Melanocytes

- |Tactile |(Merkel) |cells

- |Dendritic |(Langerhans) |cells



Keratinocytes |(functions) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔most |numerous |cell |type, |make |fibrous |protein |
keratin



Melanocytes |(functions) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔synthesize |pigment |called |melanin



Tactile |cells |(functions |and |2nd |name) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔also |called |Merkel |cells, |receptors |for |
the |sense |of |touch, |associated |with |a |dermal |nerve |fiber



Dendritic |cells |(functions |and |2nd |name) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔macrophages |(big |phagocytic |cells) |
that |kill |microbes



What |are |the |layers |of |the |epidermis |(list |from |bottom |up)? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔- |Stratum |basale

- |Stratum |spinosum

- |Stratum |granulosum

- |Stratum |lucidum

- |Stratum |corneum



What |layer |of |the |epidermis |is |only |found |in |thick |skin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔Straum |lucidum



How |many |layers |are |found |in |the |stratum |basale? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔1 |layer

, What |cells |are |found |in |the |stratum |basale? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔stem |cells, |keratinocytes, |
melanocytes, |tactile |(merkel) |cells



What |is |the |importance |of |the |stem |cells |in |the |stratum |basale? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔makes |it |
mitotically |active, |the |stem |cells |divide |and |give |rise |to |keratinocytes



How |many |layers |are |in |the |stratum |spinosum? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔8-10 |layers



What |is |the |appearance |of |the |cells |in |the |stratum |spinosum, |and |why? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔The |
cells |are |flattened, |which |happens |as |they |are |pushed |upward



What |is |contained |in |the |stratum |spinosum? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔Keratinocytes, |dendridic |
(langerhans) |cells



In |which |epidermis |layers |do |keratinocytes |produce |waterproofing |substances? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER💢✔Stratum |spinosum, |stratum |granulosum



What |are |the |waterproofing |substances |produced |by |the |keratinocytes? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER💢✔keratin, |lipids



How |many |layers |are |in |the |stratum |granulosum? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔3-5 |layers



In |what |layer |do |the |nuclei |and |organelles |begin |to |degenerate |in |the |keratinocytes? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER💢✔stratum |granulosum



What |do |the |cells |look |like |in |the |stratum |granulosum |and |why? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔They |
continue |to |flatten |because |of |accumulation |of |keratin



How |many |layers |are |in |the |stratum |lucidum, |and |what |do |they |look |like? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER💢✔3-
4 |layers |of |translucent |cells