Maryville Patho exam 1 NURS 611 / NURS 611 / Verified Questions &
Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1
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Answers / Newest 2025/2026
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1. Apoptosis A programmed cell death that is regulated or pro-
grammed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or
unwanted cell populations
2. Necrosis Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, or-
ganelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
3. What is the #1 cause of cellular in- hypoxia
jury leading to necrosis (especially
the kidney and heart)
4. What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? ischemia
5. Main component of a cell nucleus
6. What does the nucleus contain? nucleolus
7. What is the nucleolus composed of? RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and
histones
8. Why are histone important? histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes
(chromatin) which is essential for cell division
9. What are ribosomes? RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope
called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
10. Where can ribosomes be found? cytoplasm and rough ER
11. what are ribosomes chief function? provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
12. What is the Golgi apparatus (com- a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles
plex)? frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
, Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1
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13. What does the Golgi apparatus do? takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages
them into small membrane-bound vesicles called
"secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in
the cell
14. What are lysosomes and what do maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular
they do? components, removal of useless organelles, termi-
nation of signal transduction, and signals cellular
adaption
15. How does aging affect lysosomes? leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency
which declines the regenerative capacity of organs
and tissue
16. What functions do lysosomal com- nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors
ponents integrate? and will translate them into instructions that regulate
cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or in-
activity
17. What is mitochondria responsible cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy
for? production
18. What does the inner membrane of enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to
mitochondria contain? the process of oxidative phosphorylation that gener-
ates most of the cell's ATP
19. The mitochondrial matrix contains 1- metabolic
what kind of pathways (1), involve 2- urea and heme synthesis
what two things (2), and metabolizes 3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
what three things (3)?
20. carbs, proteins, and lipids
, Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gx79oe
What can accumulate intracellularly
caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements?
21. What is physiologic atrophy? occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
22. What is pathologic atrophy? occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use,
pressure, blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal
stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in re-
sponse to decreased hormonal stimulation. and an
pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
23. what is hypertrophy? increase in cell size
24. Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy of myocardial cells from endurance
hypertrophy? training
25. example of pathologic hypertrophy cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient
26. What is hyperplasia? increase in the number of cells
27. example of compensatory hyperpla- regeneration of the liver
sia?
28. example of pathological hyperplasia endometrial tissue
29. example of hormonal hyperplasia enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy
30. What is metaplasia? replacement of the cells
31. example of metaplasia
Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1
CorrectStudy
Answers / Newest 2025/2026
online at https://quizlet.com/_gx79oe
1. Apoptosis A programmed cell death that is regulated or pro-
grammed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or
unwanted cell populations
2. Necrosis Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, or-
ganelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
3. What is the #1 cause of cellular in- hypoxia
jury leading to necrosis (especially
the kidney and heart)
4. What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? ischemia
5. Main component of a cell nucleus
6. What does the nucleus contain? nucleolus
7. What is the nucleolus composed of? RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and
histones
8. Why are histone important? histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes
(chromatin) which is essential for cell division
9. What are ribosomes? RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope
called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
10. Where can ribosomes be found? cytoplasm and rough ER
11. what are ribosomes chief function? provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
12. What is the Golgi apparatus (com- a network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles
plex)? frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
, Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gx79oe
13. What does the Golgi apparatus do? takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages
them into small membrane-bound vesicles called
"secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in
the cell
14. What are lysosomes and what do maintain cellular health by removal of toxic cellular
they do? components, removal of useless organelles, termi-
nation of signal transduction, and signals cellular
adaption
15. How does aging affect lysosomes? leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency
which declines the regenerative capacity of organs
and tissue
16. What functions do lysosomal com- nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors
ponents integrate? and will translate them into instructions that regulate
cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or in-
activity
17. What is mitochondria responsible cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy
for? production
18. What does the inner membrane of enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to
mitochondria contain? the process of oxidative phosphorylation that gener-
ates most of the cell's ATP
19. The mitochondrial matrix contains 1- metabolic
what kind of pathways (1), involve 2- urea and heme synthesis
what two things (2), and metabolizes 3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
what three things (3)?
20. carbs, proteins, and lipids
, Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gx79oe
What can accumulate intracellularly
caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements?
21. What is physiologic atrophy? occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
22. What is pathologic atrophy? occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use,
pressure, blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal
stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in re-
sponse to decreased hormonal stimulation. and an
pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
23. what is hypertrophy? increase in cell size
24. Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy of myocardial cells from endurance
hypertrophy? training
25. example of pathologic hypertrophy cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient
26. What is hyperplasia? increase in the number of cells
27. example of compensatory hyperpla- regeneration of the liver
sia?
28. example of pathological hyperplasia endometrial tissue
29. example of hormonal hyperplasia enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy
30. What is metaplasia? replacement of the cells
31. example of metaplasia
