Sociology 1301 Midterm Exam 2 Set 2025

Based on the text discussion, one can infer that for humans to be adequately socialized, it is imperative that they have: - -Regular social interaction with adults Which is the main agent of socialization associated with primary socialization in most modern societies? - -small-scale families Which of the following best exemplifies anticipatory socialization? - -A pregnant woman learning how to be a parent in a parenting class. In contrast to modern societies, a person's lifelong position in most premodern societies was mostly determined by the: - -Family into which a person was born What is an example of hidden curriculum? - -Encouraging boys to take advanced math and science classes What percent of American teens go online at least once a day? - -More than 90 Which of the following statements about video games is true? - -Rapid-action games with very violent imagery may desensitize players to violence. Social roles can be defined as: - -Socially defined expectations for a person in a given social position According to the text, functionalists argue that social roles: - -are unchanging social facts that are a part of a society's culture The belief that individuals adopt the social roles in which they are placed ignores the idea that: - -Humans exercise agency The process of self-development through which we establish a unique sense of who we are as a person and our relationship to the rest of the world known as: - -Self-identity What is the difference between social identity and self- identity? - -Social identity focuses on similarities among people, whereas self-identity focuses on individual differences. Compared to traditional societies, which of the following statements concerning self identity today is true? - -We have unprecedented opportunities to create our own identities. Sociology Sociology How is childhood today a different experience from childhood a few hundred years ago? - -Children today are seen as being in a unique stage, whereas in earlier times, childhood blended with other stages. When did the idea of teenager come into existence? - -When compulsory education and child-labor laws are enacted According to George Herbert Mead, children developed a sense of self by: - -Imitating the actions of other people In George Herbert Mead's theory of socialization, when individuals see themselves as others see them, they have accomplished: - -Self-consciousness George Herbert Mead referred to the general morals and values of the culture in which a child develops as the: - -generalized other According to Cooley's theory, the reactions we elicit in social situations create a mirror in which we see ourselves. This mirror is called the: - -Looking-glass self Jean Piaget's theory of child development focuses on the: - -Distinct stages of cognitive development According to Jean Piaget, the ability to understand things from a different perspective does not take place until the: - -Concrete operational stage Carol Gilligan (1982) found that men see the emphasis women put on person relationships and caring for others: - -As a weakness Which of the following statements concerning socialization is true? - -Hentges and Case (2013) found that on children's television networks, boys were more likely to be aggressive "rescuers" and girls were more likely to show affection Which of the following statements concerning bullying is true? - -When influential students are enlisted in anti-bullying campaigns, student conflicts decrease. Erving Goffman and other theorists who focus on social interaction often use the analogy of - -theater, drama Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as: - Roles Why do we use impression management? - -They are sensitive about how others see them Sociology Sociology In a total institution, as detailed in Erving Goffman's ethnographic account of a mental hospital in Washington, D.C., humans have very limited: - -Privacy and must adapt to the fact that their private spheres are limited Two people walking on a city sidewalk quickly glance at each other and then look away as they pass. Erving Goffman called this type of interaction: - -civil inattention What is one reason sociologists are concerned with civil inattention, which appears to be a rather unconscious behavior? - -If an individual implies to another person that he is not suspicious of the other's behavior, there is no reason to be hostile toward the other person whose social life is allowed to proceed in an orderly fashion nonverbal communication is: - -the exchange of information through facial expressions and movements of the body Which of the following statements is true? - -Infants have facial expressions similar to those in adults Paul Ekman and colleagues devised a method for studying nonverbal communication called FACS, or: - -Facial Action Coding System Charles Darwin believed that basic human emotional expressions: - -are innate and the same in all human beings The purpose of response cries, according to Erving Goffman, is to: - -Shows others one's continued competence in daily routines An "opening" is necessary for what Erving Goffman calms a(n): - -Encounter A status message allows people who are participating in unfocused interaction to: - have more control over how they are perceived Sometimes a person will smile, but an observer notes that the person's eyes look sad. Erving Goffman would say the sad eyes are part of the expression the person: - -gives off When sociologists analyze the contexts of social interaction, it is often helpful to look at how people move through - -zones of time and space The zoning of our activities is strongly influenced by clock time in: - -Industrialized societies What do your textbooks authors mean when they state