WGU D115 Final study guide Accurate

WGU D115 Final study guide Accurate Autosomal Dominant - →1 parent has, 50% change of child having Autosomal Recessive - →Both parents are carriers, 25% change of child having, 50% chance child is a carrier. Cystic Fibrosis - →affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs 21st Trisomy - →Down Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) - →male has extra X, female like qualities Turner Syndrome - →Missing X in females Alpha Thalassemia - →inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia Beta Thallasemia - →low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous sulfate Prevalence Risk - →proportion of the population affected at a certain time Incidence rate - →number of new cases divided by population Innate immunity - →inflammation; increased vascular permeability B&T lymphocytes - →immune response primary malignant tumor - →lack of organization of cells glucocorticoids - →used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to lymphoid tissues. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - →for hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and recurrence risk) Heart failure - →impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood; heart cannot meet metabolic need of the body. CHF - →heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in pulmonary area Left Ventricular Dysfunction - →reduced ejection fraction; ventricle having issue ejecting blood. normal ejection fraction - →55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each heartbeat) Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved? - →preserved Diastolic CHF - →preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling Systolic CHF - →reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting Left sided CHF - →pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3 murmurs) ** #1 cause of Right sided CHF BNP - →gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF Echocardiogram - →Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and function At Risk for HF - Stage A - →no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure Stage A HF co-morbidities - →htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, patients using cardiotoxins with family history Therapy goals of stage A HF - →treat htn, encourage smoking cessation, encourage regular exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol intake/drug use, control metabolic syndrome Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro, losartan, benicar, diovan, etc) At Risk for HF - Stage B - →structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure Stage B HF co-morbidities - →previous MI, LV remodeling with LV hypertrophy and low EF, asymptomatic valvular disease