1
KU BIOL 600 FINAL 2025/2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100%
PASS
Scientists discovered a new animal species with nerve cells physiologically similar
to nerve cells found in other animals. The membrane potential when only sodium
ions can move across the membrane was measured at +116 mV. What is the
sodium concentration outside the nerve cell if the sodium concentration inside the
cell is 1 mM?
a) 1 M
b) 0.232 M
c) 0.116 M
d) 0.58 M
e) 0.1 M - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔0.1 M
All of the following are true statements about the action potential EXCEPT:
a) Opening of the voltage-gated Na-channels will move the membrane potential to
the equilibrium potential of Na.
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,2
b) Opening of voltage-gated K-channels will move the membrane potential to the
equilibrium potential of K.
c) The Hodgkin cycle causes the fast change in membrane potential during the
rising phase of the action potential.
d) The falling phase of the AP is mainly due to the movement of K+ ions.
e) Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-channels. - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-
channels.
Which chemical binds to the nicotinic ACh receptor?
a) muscarine
b) atropine
c) norepinephrine
d) glutamate
e) curare - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔curare
The period of excitability of neuron during which both Na+ and K+ activation can
occur is called the
a) interphase period.
2
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,3
b) relative refractory period.
c) absolute refractory period.
d) hyperexcitable period.
e) latent period - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔relative refractory period
Excitation of the rod cell by blue light results in the production of an action
potential in the connected bipolar cell - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔false
The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose is
a) substrate-level phosphorylation.
b) oxidative phosphorylation.
c) anaerobic glycolysis.
d) aerobic glycolysis.
e) Krebs (citric acid) cycle. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔oxidative phosphorylation
Stimulation of a hair cell results in changes in the hair cell membrane such as
a) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
b) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels.
c) answers a and b.
3
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, 4
d) none of the above. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔none, elevated Ca2+ levels stimulate the
neurotransmitter release at the glutamatergic synapses
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
a) To maintain a constant internal environment
b) To anticipate changes in the environment
c) To return a variable toward the set point
d) To bring about a rapid change in the body - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To bring about a
rapid change in the body
You are designing a drug. You would like to deliver the drug by creating a skin
patch that contains the drug and allows the drug to diffuse through the layers of the
skin to reach the underlying tissues and bloodstream. Which of these chemical
changes might you make to increase the number of drug molecules that diffuse
through the layers of skin cells?
a) Increasing the number of nitrogen atoms in the drug
b) Decreasing the number of nonpolar groups in the drug
c) Decreasing the number of polar groups in the drug
4
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
KU BIOL 600 FINAL 2025/2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100%
PASS
Scientists discovered a new animal species with nerve cells physiologically similar
to nerve cells found in other animals. The membrane potential when only sodium
ions can move across the membrane was measured at +116 mV. What is the
sodium concentration outside the nerve cell if the sodium concentration inside the
cell is 1 mM?
a) 1 M
b) 0.232 M
c) 0.116 M
d) 0.58 M
e) 0.1 M - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔0.1 M
All of the following are true statements about the action potential EXCEPT:
a) Opening of the voltage-gated Na-channels will move the membrane potential to
the equilibrium potential of Na.
1
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,2
b) Opening of voltage-gated K-channels will move the membrane potential to the
equilibrium potential of K.
c) The Hodgkin cycle causes the fast change in membrane potential during the
rising phase of the action potential.
d) The falling phase of the AP is mainly due to the movement of K+ ions.
e) Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-channels. - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-
channels.
Which chemical binds to the nicotinic ACh receptor?
a) muscarine
b) atropine
c) norepinephrine
d) glutamate
e) curare - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔curare
The period of excitability of neuron during which both Na+ and K+ activation can
occur is called the
a) interphase period.
2
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,3
b) relative refractory period.
c) absolute refractory period.
d) hyperexcitable period.
e) latent period - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔relative refractory period
Excitation of the rod cell by blue light results in the production of an action
potential in the connected bipolar cell - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔false
The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose is
a) substrate-level phosphorylation.
b) oxidative phosphorylation.
c) anaerobic glycolysis.
d) aerobic glycolysis.
e) Krebs (citric acid) cycle. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔oxidative phosphorylation
Stimulation of a hair cell results in changes in the hair cell membrane such as
a) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
b) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels.
c) answers a and b.
3
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, 4
d) none of the above. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔none, elevated Ca2+ levels stimulate the
neurotransmitter release at the glutamatergic synapses
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
a) To maintain a constant internal environment
b) To anticipate changes in the environment
c) To return a variable toward the set point
d) To bring about a rapid change in the body - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To bring about a
rapid change in the body
You are designing a drug. You would like to deliver the drug by creating a skin
patch that contains the drug and allows the drug to diffuse through the layers of the
skin to reach the underlying tissues and bloodstream. Which of these chemical
changes might you make to increase the number of drug molecules that diffuse
through the layers of skin cells?
a) Increasing the number of nitrogen atoms in the drug
b) Decreasing the number of nonpolar groups in the drug
c) Decreasing the number of polar groups in the drug
4
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
