IBSS 1540 Exam 4 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified By Experts| Latest Update
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What causes an increase in FSH and LH secretion during puberty in males? there is an
increase in GnRH as well as increased pituitary responsiveness to this hormone
What sex hormone is secreted by the testes vs peripheral tissues in males during puberty?
the testes make testosterone while DHT is synthesized in the periphery
What is the effect of testosterone nd DHT during male puberty? it initiates the development
of reproductive organs, secondary sex characteristics, and causes growth hormone to be
secreted
What causes a growth spur to occur in male puberty, thereby contributing to 15% of a male's
final height? the increased secretion of growth hormone in response to increased
testosterone and DHT levels
When is LH secreted in highest amounts during male puberty? at night
What causes the menstrual cycle to begin during puberty in females? increased GnRH and
FSH/LH secretion causes pre-antral follicles to develop into antral follicles ad begin to secrete
estrogen
What is the effect of estrogen on bones during female puberty? it causes bones to both
grow and close their epiphyseal plats
What is the effect of estrogen on GH during female puberty? it promotes the release of this
hormone
What are four effects of estrogen during female puberty? -increase bone growth
-promotes release of GH
,-development of secondary sex characteristics
-development of reproductive organs
What occurs as a result of the effect of estrogen on female reproductive organs during
puberty? it stimulates proliferation of the endometrium and causes menarche, or the event
of the first menstrual period
Does ovulation occur at menarche in females? no
What causes estrogen levels to increase in female puberty? appropriate release of LH and
FSH
Why is there no ovulation at menarche? while the endometrium proliferates, there is no
positive feedback of estrogen on the hypothalamus because this is the first time the
hypothalamus is seeing this and doesn't know how to respond. Thus, there is no LH surge, and
no ovulation
What causes menarche to occur after ovulation fails to take place? without ovulation, the
follicle that has developed dies and estrogen levels decrease. Lack of estrogen causes the first
menstruation
Is progesterone essential for menstruation? no, since menstruation can occur even without
progesterone-stimulated ovulation
What are six examples of conditions that can delay menarche? malnutrition, caloric
insufficiency, intense exercise, stress, imbalance in thyroid hormone, and geographic location
What causes a pubertal spurt to occur? estrogen promotes release of GH while testosterone
is anabolic and causes GH to be released. These hormones cause both linear growth and
development of secondary sex characteristics
,When during life does GH release reach its highest? during puberty
Where is growth hormone released from? the anterior pituitary
What is the capacity of the anterior pituitary to release GH? it has a high capacity, as 30% of
the cells here are able to secrete this hormone
In what form does growth hormone travel through the body? 30-40% travels associated to a
gh-binding protein
How long is the half life of growth hormone? Where is it metabolized? it has a half life of 25
minutes and gets metabolized by the liver
What promotes the release of growth hormone at puberty? the rise in sex steroids
What happens to GH release in old age? What is the effect? release declines, causing there
to be a loss of skeletal muscle mass as well as a decline in the metabolic rate
What is the long feedback loop that release of IGF-1 participates in? it feedbacks the
hypothalamus, causing release of somatostatin there, which inhibits the pituitary from
releasing more GH
What kind of secretion characterizes growth hormone? How does it differ between men and
women? its secretion is pulsatile, with males experiencing regular pushes with high
magnitudes and females having irregular, smaller bursts
What is released from the hypothalamus in order to trigger the release of growth hormone?
growth hormone releasing hormone
, Does ghrelin stimulate or inhibit the release of GH? stimulate
Does sleep stimulate or inhibit the release of GH? it stimulates it
Does hypoglycemia stimulate or inhibit the release of GH stimulates
Does elevated amino acid levels stimulate or inhibit the release of GH? stimulates
Do low free fatty acid levels stimulate or inhibit the release of GH? stimulate
Does acute stress, such as exercise, stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone?
sdtimulates
Do sex steroids stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? stimulate
Does somatostatin stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Do high cortisol levels stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Does hyperglycemia stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Do high free fatty acid levels stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Does obesity stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Does hypothyroidism stimulate or inhibit the release of Growth hormone? inhibit
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What causes an increase in FSH and LH secretion during puberty in males? there is an
increase in GnRH as well as increased pituitary responsiveness to this hormone
What sex hormone is secreted by the testes vs peripheral tissues in males during puberty?
the testes make testosterone while DHT is synthesized in the periphery
What is the effect of testosterone nd DHT during male puberty? it initiates the development
of reproductive organs, secondary sex characteristics, and causes growth hormone to be
secreted
What causes a growth spur to occur in male puberty, thereby contributing to 15% of a male's
final height? the increased secretion of growth hormone in response to increased
testosterone and DHT levels
When is LH secreted in highest amounts during male puberty? at night
What causes the menstrual cycle to begin during puberty in females? increased GnRH and
FSH/LH secretion causes pre-antral follicles to develop into antral follicles ad begin to secrete
estrogen
What is the effect of estrogen on bones during female puberty? it causes bones to both
grow and close their epiphyseal plats
What is the effect of estrogen on GH during female puberty? it promotes the release of this
hormone
What are four effects of estrogen during female puberty? -increase bone growth
-promotes release of GH
,-development of secondary sex characteristics
-development of reproductive organs
What occurs as a result of the effect of estrogen on female reproductive organs during
puberty? it stimulates proliferation of the endometrium and causes menarche, or the event
of the first menstrual period
Does ovulation occur at menarche in females? no
What causes estrogen levels to increase in female puberty? appropriate release of LH and
FSH
Why is there no ovulation at menarche? while the endometrium proliferates, there is no
positive feedback of estrogen on the hypothalamus because this is the first time the
hypothalamus is seeing this and doesn't know how to respond. Thus, there is no LH surge, and
no ovulation
What causes menarche to occur after ovulation fails to take place? without ovulation, the
follicle that has developed dies and estrogen levels decrease. Lack of estrogen causes the first
menstruation
Is progesterone essential for menstruation? no, since menstruation can occur even without
progesterone-stimulated ovulation
What are six examples of conditions that can delay menarche? malnutrition, caloric
insufficiency, intense exercise, stress, imbalance in thyroid hormone, and geographic location
What causes a pubertal spurt to occur? estrogen promotes release of GH while testosterone
is anabolic and causes GH to be released. These hormones cause both linear growth and
development of secondary sex characteristics
,When during life does GH release reach its highest? during puberty
Where is growth hormone released from? the anterior pituitary
What is the capacity of the anterior pituitary to release GH? it has a high capacity, as 30% of
the cells here are able to secrete this hormone
In what form does growth hormone travel through the body? 30-40% travels associated to a
gh-binding protein
How long is the half life of growth hormone? Where is it metabolized? it has a half life of 25
minutes and gets metabolized by the liver
What promotes the release of growth hormone at puberty? the rise in sex steroids
What happens to GH release in old age? What is the effect? release declines, causing there
to be a loss of skeletal muscle mass as well as a decline in the metabolic rate
What is the long feedback loop that release of IGF-1 participates in? it feedbacks the
hypothalamus, causing release of somatostatin there, which inhibits the pituitary from
releasing more GH
What kind of secretion characterizes growth hormone? How does it differ between men and
women? its secretion is pulsatile, with males experiencing regular pushes with high
magnitudes and females having irregular, smaller bursts
What is released from the hypothalamus in order to trigger the release of growth hormone?
growth hormone releasing hormone
, Does ghrelin stimulate or inhibit the release of GH? stimulate
Does sleep stimulate or inhibit the release of GH? it stimulates it
Does hypoglycemia stimulate or inhibit the release of GH stimulates
Does elevated amino acid levels stimulate or inhibit the release of GH? stimulates
Do low free fatty acid levels stimulate or inhibit the release of GH? stimulate
Does acute stress, such as exercise, stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone?
sdtimulates
Do sex steroids stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? stimulate
Does somatostatin stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Do high cortisol levels stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Does hyperglycemia stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Do high free fatty acid levels stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Does obesity stimulate or inhibit the release of growth hormone? inhibit
Does hypothyroidism stimulate or inhibit the release of Growth hormone? inhibit
