IBSS 1540 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified By Experts| Latest Update
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Due to a defect in auto regulation, glomerular capillary pressure rises in the kidney. As the
direct result of the increase in glomerular capillary pressure, there would be an increase in:
A. the filtration of NA and water
B. renin release
C. angiotensin II syntehsis
D hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space A
What is the clearance rate of PAH equivalent to? RPF
How can you determine whether a substance is secreted or reabsorbed when you are given its
clearance data alongside creatinine clearance data? since the creatinine clearance data is
equivalent to GFR, compare the substances clearance data to that. If the substance is greater
than creatinine, it must be secreted. If it is less than creatinine, it is reabsorbed
What happens to GFR if Kf increases? it will increase
Renin release from the kidney is stimulated when there is a decrease in:
A. renal perfusion pressure
B. sympathetic nerve activity in the kidney
C. the plasma concentration of catecholamines
D. plasma osmolality A
What is filtration fraction? the amount of RPF that gets filtered
How do you calculate a filtration fraction? divide GFR by RPF
,What two variables is filtration fraction dependent upon? renal blood flow and GFR
In the normal kidney, the amount of water and Na available for excretion will decrease when
A. the afferent arteriole dilates
B. there is a decrease in the filtration fraction
C. water and Na are secreted into the descending limb of the loop of Henle
D. there is a decrease in the maximal medullary interstitial osmotic gradient B
An experimental drug has no detectable effect on GFR or RPF in patients with normal renal
function. However, when given to persons with high infrarenal angiotensin II and low RPF,
plasma creatinine increased and the clearance of PAH decreased after a week of treatment.
Based on these observations, it is most likely that this new drug:
A. enhanced NO synthesis at the afferent arteriole
B. increased the glomerular capillary Kf by stimulating mesangial cell relaxation
C. blocked the synthesis of prostaglandins
D. decreased resistance in the efferent arteriole C
What is the effect of prostaglandins on GFR and RBF? Why? they increase both, since they
cause vasodilation at the afferent arteriole
What is the effect of bradykinin on GFR and RBF? Why? it causes both to increase since it
results in the release of both NO and prostaglandins, both of which vasodilator the afferent
arteriole
One class of antihypertensive drugs is the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. It is
thought that part of the therapeutic benefit of ACEI drugs is related to the inhibition of
bradykinin metabolism. In the kidney, the higher bradykinin levels associated with ACEI
treatment would be expected to:
A. enhance efferent arteriolar resistance by stimulating constriction of the arteriolar vascular
smooth muscle
,B. increase afferent arteriolar resistance by opposing the vasodilatory action of prostaglandins
C. decrease GFR via a decrease in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. lower afferent arteriolar resistance by enhancing the release of NO from the endothelium
D
A patient is receiving Drug A, which is cleared from the plasma only through secretion into the
proximal tubule via a Tm-limited transporter. The patient is then prescribed drug B. Three days
later, a routine test for Drug A shows a greatly elevated level in the blood plasma. Plasma
creatinine and plasma osmolality were within normal ranges, and the urine was negative for
protein and glucose. Based on this data, it is most likely that
A. drug B damaged proximal tubular cells, which reduced reabsorptive and secretory processe
B. drug B competes with Drug A for the same transporter
C. Drug B caused a nephrogenic diabetes inspidus, and the resulting loss of plasma water
increased the concentration of Drug A in the plasma
D. rug B damaged the glomerular barrier, thus increasing the clearance of Drug A from the
plasma B
What is a Tm limited transporter? one that exhibits a maximal rate of transport
For concentration of the urine to occur in a healthy kidney, which one of the following
conditions must be present?
A. Na reabsorption in the proximal tubule
B. water reabsorption in the loop of Henle
C. a medullary interstitial osmolality that is greater than plasma osmolality
D. K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct C
When you are over hydrated, is free water clearance positive or negative? positive
If you are dehydrated, is free water clearance positive or negative? negative
, What is normal plasma osmolality? 280-295 mOsm/L
At the end of a 95 degree day, a construction worker reports to the ER complaining of dizziness.
The patient has dry mucous membranes and complains of thirst. Plasma osmolality is estimated
at 300mOsm/kg water. Based on these findings, it is most likely that this patient has:
A. an elevated renal Na excretion
B. a positive free water clearance
C. decreased plasma levels of angiotensin II
D. elevated plasma levels of ADH D
A property common to all diuretics is that in the first several days of treatment, there is an
increase in:
A. the risk of developing hyperkalemia
B. ECF volume
C. renal Na excretion
D. renal K secretion C
The processes of Na reabsorption in the cells of the thick ascending limb and the principal cells
in the collecting ducts are similar in that:
A. Na reabsorption will increase if the activity of the Na/K ATPase increases
B. the greater the Na reabsorption, the greater the secretion of K+
C. Na reabsorption occurs through an epithelial Na channel
D. Na reabsorption is accompanied by water reabsorption when ADH is present A
Development of a maximal medullary interstitial osmolality of 1200mOsm/kg water is
promoted by:
A. a high blood flow in the vasa recta
B. a chronic low protein diet
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Due to a defect in auto regulation, glomerular capillary pressure rises in the kidney. As the
direct result of the increase in glomerular capillary pressure, there would be an increase in:
A. the filtration of NA and water
B. renin release
C. angiotensin II syntehsis
D hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space A
What is the clearance rate of PAH equivalent to? RPF
How can you determine whether a substance is secreted or reabsorbed when you are given its
clearance data alongside creatinine clearance data? since the creatinine clearance data is
equivalent to GFR, compare the substances clearance data to that. If the substance is greater
than creatinine, it must be secreted. If it is less than creatinine, it is reabsorbed
What happens to GFR if Kf increases? it will increase
Renin release from the kidney is stimulated when there is a decrease in:
A. renal perfusion pressure
B. sympathetic nerve activity in the kidney
C. the plasma concentration of catecholamines
D. plasma osmolality A
What is filtration fraction? the amount of RPF that gets filtered
How do you calculate a filtration fraction? divide GFR by RPF
,What two variables is filtration fraction dependent upon? renal blood flow and GFR
In the normal kidney, the amount of water and Na available for excretion will decrease when
A. the afferent arteriole dilates
B. there is a decrease in the filtration fraction
C. water and Na are secreted into the descending limb of the loop of Henle
D. there is a decrease in the maximal medullary interstitial osmotic gradient B
An experimental drug has no detectable effect on GFR or RPF in patients with normal renal
function. However, when given to persons with high infrarenal angiotensin II and low RPF,
plasma creatinine increased and the clearance of PAH decreased after a week of treatment.
Based on these observations, it is most likely that this new drug:
A. enhanced NO synthesis at the afferent arteriole
B. increased the glomerular capillary Kf by stimulating mesangial cell relaxation
C. blocked the synthesis of prostaglandins
D. decreased resistance in the efferent arteriole C
What is the effect of prostaglandins on GFR and RBF? Why? they increase both, since they
cause vasodilation at the afferent arteriole
What is the effect of bradykinin on GFR and RBF? Why? it causes both to increase since it
results in the release of both NO and prostaglandins, both of which vasodilator the afferent
arteriole
One class of antihypertensive drugs is the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. It is
thought that part of the therapeutic benefit of ACEI drugs is related to the inhibition of
bradykinin metabolism. In the kidney, the higher bradykinin levels associated with ACEI
treatment would be expected to:
A. enhance efferent arteriolar resistance by stimulating constriction of the arteriolar vascular
smooth muscle
,B. increase afferent arteriolar resistance by opposing the vasodilatory action of prostaglandins
C. decrease GFR via a decrease in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. lower afferent arteriolar resistance by enhancing the release of NO from the endothelium
D
A patient is receiving Drug A, which is cleared from the plasma only through secretion into the
proximal tubule via a Tm-limited transporter. The patient is then prescribed drug B. Three days
later, a routine test for Drug A shows a greatly elevated level in the blood plasma. Plasma
creatinine and plasma osmolality were within normal ranges, and the urine was negative for
protein and glucose. Based on this data, it is most likely that
A. drug B damaged proximal tubular cells, which reduced reabsorptive and secretory processe
B. drug B competes with Drug A for the same transporter
C. Drug B caused a nephrogenic diabetes inspidus, and the resulting loss of plasma water
increased the concentration of Drug A in the plasma
D. rug B damaged the glomerular barrier, thus increasing the clearance of Drug A from the
plasma B
What is a Tm limited transporter? one that exhibits a maximal rate of transport
For concentration of the urine to occur in a healthy kidney, which one of the following
conditions must be present?
A. Na reabsorption in the proximal tubule
B. water reabsorption in the loop of Henle
C. a medullary interstitial osmolality that is greater than plasma osmolality
D. K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct C
When you are over hydrated, is free water clearance positive or negative? positive
If you are dehydrated, is free water clearance positive or negative? negative
, What is normal plasma osmolality? 280-295 mOsm/L
At the end of a 95 degree day, a construction worker reports to the ER complaining of dizziness.
The patient has dry mucous membranes and complains of thirst. Plasma osmolality is estimated
at 300mOsm/kg water. Based on these findings, it is most likely that this patient has:
A. an elevated renal Na excretion
B. a positive free water clearance
C. decreased plasma levels of angiotensin II
D. elevated plasma levels of ADH D
A property common to all diuretics is that in the first several days of treatment, there is an
increase in:
A. the risk of developing hyperkalemia
B. ECF volume
C. renal Na excretion
D. renal K secretion C
The processes of Na reabsorption in the cells of the thick ascending limb and the principal cells
in the collecting ducts are similar in that:
A. Na reabsorption will increase if the activity of the Na/K ATPase increases
B. the greater the Na reabsorption, the greater the secretion of K+
C. Na reabsorption occurs through an epithelial Na channel
D. Na reabsorption is accompanied by water reabsorption when ADH is present A
Development of a maximal medullary interstitial osmolality of 1200mOsm/kg water is
promoted by:
A. a high blood flow in the vasa recta
B. a chronic low protein diet
