Nutritional Deficiencies
iodine sources - found naturally in fish and seafood, as well as in drinking water and vegetables
Action: forms part of thyroid hormones, metabolism and homeostasis of the thyroid gland
Most common preventable cause of mental impairment worldwide
iron deficiency - Microcytic, hypochromic anemia, lethargy, decreased work performance
¼ of world's population is iron deficient (more common in developing world)
Most common nutritional deficiency in children
In USA 9% of toddlers (1-3 y/o) have iron deficiency, and 2-3% have iron deficiency anemia
(cow's milk before 1 year)
iron sources - Source: meat, poultry, and fish, vegetables and fruit
Iron-fortified food
Action: required to make hemoglobin
Kwashiorkor - -Ga language in Ghana describing a disease of a baby due to the arrival of another
child
-char'd by inadequate protein intake in the presence of fair to good energy intake
-Marked muscle atrophy with normal or increased body fat;
-protruding abdomen - hypoalbuminemia -> accum of fluids, fatty infiltration of organs
-apathy, listless, lost appetite, defects in immunity, skin breakdown/color changes
Malnutrition - insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients by an organism
WHO states malnutrition is the biggest contrib to child mortality (half of all deaths)
, Actions of vitamin A - Corneal and conjunctival development
Needed by the retina for both low-light and color vision
Add'l causes of PEM - Avanced cancers
AIDS
Malabsorption syndromes
Nephrotic syndrome
Extensive Burns
B1 Thiamine deficiency - Deficiency = BERIBERI
Rare in the US but may see with alcoholics
Dry beriberi: Chronic polyneuropathy with anorexia, ataxia, apathy, confusion, difficulty with
speech, weakness, foot & wrist drop, paresthesia, & nystagmus
Wet beriberi: Cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, edema
B1 Thiamine Lab/tx - Lab: blood thiamine concentration
Treatment: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) require immediate parenteral administration of
thiamine.
B1 Thiamine sources - Food sources: lean pork, legumes, whole grain cereals, breads & any
enriched grain product (but denatured at high temperatures)
Important cofactor for enzymes involved in amino-acid and carbohydrate metabolism
Absorption occurs in the intestine
Not stored effectively
iodine sources - found naturally in fish and seafood, as well as in drinking water and vegetables
Action: forms part of thyroid hormones, metabolism and homeostasis of the thyroid gland
Most common preventable cause of mental impairment worldwide
iron deficiency - Microcytic, hypochromic anemia, lethargy, decreased work performance
¼ of world's population is iron deficient (more common in developing world)
Most common nutritional deficiency in children
In USA 9% of toddlers (1-3 y/o) have iron deficiency, and 2-3% have iron deficiency anemia
(cow's milk before 1 year)
iron sources - Source: meat, poultry, and fish, vegetables and fruit
Iron-fortified food
Action: required to make hemoglobin
Kwashiorkor - -Ga language in Ghana describing a disease of a baby due to the arrival of another
child
-char'd by inadequate protein intake in the presence of fair to good energy intake
-Marked muscle atrophy with normal or increased body fat;
-protruding abdomen - hypoalbuminemia -> accum of fluids, fatty infiltration of organs
-apathy, listless, lost appetite, defects in immunity, skin breakdown/color changes
Malnutrition - insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients by an organism
WHO states malnutrition is the biggest contrib to child mortality (half of all deaths)
, Actions of vitamin A - Corneal and conjunctival development
Needed by the retina for both low-light and color vision
Add'l causes of PEM - Avanced cancers
AIDS
Malabsorption syndromes
Nephrotic syndrome
Extensive Burns
B1 Thiamine deficiency - Deficiency = BERIBERI
Rare in the US but may see with alcoholics
Dry beriberi: Chronic polyneuropathy with anorexia, ataxia, apathy, confusion, difficulty with
speech, weakness, foot & wrist drop, paresthesia, & nystagmus
Wet beriberi: Cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, edema
B1 Thiamine Lab/tx - Lab: blood thiamine concentration
Treatment: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) require immediate parenteral administration of
thiamine.
B1 Thiamine sources - Food sources: lean pork, legumes, whole grain cereals, breads & any
enriched grain product (but denatured at high temperatures)
Important cofactor for enzymes involved in amino-acid and carbohydrate metabolism
Absorption occurs in the intestine
Not stored effectively
