Acids, Bases, and Salts - Class 10 NCERT Notes
1. **Acids**:
- Substances that release H+ ions in aqueous solution.
- Examples: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3.
- Taste sour, turn blue litmus red.
- Strong acids: Completely ionize in water (e.g., HCl).
- Weak acids: Partially ionize (e.g., CH3COOH).
2. **Bases**:
- Substances that release OH- ions in aqueous solution.
- Examples: NaOH, KOH, NH4OH.
- Taste bitter, feel soapy, turn red litmus blue.
- Strong bases: Fully dissociate (e.g., NaOH).
- Weak bases: Partially dissociate (e.g., NH4OH).
3. **Indicators**:
- Substances that change color in acidic or basic solutions.
- Litmus: Red in acid, blue in base.
- Phenolphthalein: Colorless in acid, pink in base.
- Methyl orange: Red in acid, yellow in base.
4. **Reactions of Acids and Bases**:
- With metals: Acid + Metal -> Salt + H2(gas)
- With metal carbonates: Acid + Metal carbonate -> Salt + CO2(gas) + H2O
1. **Acids**:
- Substances that release H+ ions in aqueous solution.
- Examples: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3.
- Taste sour, turn blue litmus red.
- Strong acids: Completely ionize in water (e.g., HCl).
- Weak acids: Partially ionize (e.g., CH3COOH).
2. **Bases**:
- Substances that release OH- ions in aqueous solution.
- Examples: NaOH, KOH, NH4OH.
- Taste bitter, feel soapy, turn red litmus blue.
- Strong bases: Fully dissociate (e.g., NaOH).
- Weak bases: Partially dissociate (e.g., NH4OH).
3. **Indicators**:
- Substances that change color in acidic or basic solutions.
- Litmus: Red in acid, blue in base.
- Phenolphthalein: Colorless in acid, pink in base.
- Methyl orange: Red in acid, yellow in base.
4. **Reactions of Acids and Bases**:
- With metals: Acid + Metal -> Salt + H2(gas)
- With metal carbonates: Acid + Metal carbonate -> Salt + CO2(gas) + H2O
