HUMAN ANATOMY LATEST VERSION 2021.docx 1. Document information

HUMAN ANATOMY LATES
Transverse (anatomic plane) - ANSWERHamburger
Coronal (anatomic plane) - ANSWERSubway
Sagittal (anatomic plane) - ANSWERHot Dog
Ventral (directional term) - ANSWERanterior
front
dorsal (directional term) - ANSWERposterior
back
superior (directional term) - ANSWERtop
above
inferior (directional term) - ANSWERbelow
bottom
medial (directional term) - ANSWERtoward the midline
lateral (directional term) - ANSWERaway from the midline
proximal (directional term) - ANSWERCloser to the origin of the body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal (directional term) - ANSWERfarther from the origin of a body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
superficial (directional term) - ANSWERtoward the body surface
deep (directional term) - ANSWERaway from the surface of the body
shoulder abduction (anatomic movement) - ANSWERaway from the body
(have to use your *abs* a little bit to move your legs away from your body...)
shoulder adduction (anatomic movement) - ANSWERtowards the body
flexion (anatomic movement) - ANSWERthe action of BENDING/FOLDING any limb
extension (anatomic movement) - ANSWERthe action of
ELONGATING/STRAIGHTENING any limb
rotation (anatomic movement) - ANSWERrotating
supination (anatomic movement) - ANSWERholding a bowl of soup
pronation (anatomic movement) - ANSWERnot holding a bowl of soup
inversion (anatomic movement) - ANSWERtilt towards the body
(feet)
eversion (anatomic movement) - ANSWERtilt away from the body
(feet)
circumduction (anatomic movement) - ANSWERmoving limbs around in a circle
cephalic (anatomic topography) - ANSWERHead
cranial (anatomic topography) - ANSWERBrain part of the head
ophthalmic (anatomic topography) - ANSWEReye part of the head
buccal (anatomic topography) - ANSWERmouth/cheek part of the head
frontal (anatomic topography) - ANSWERfront part of the head
otic (anatomic topography) - ANSWERear part of the head
brachial (anatomic topography) - ANSWERarm
antecubital (anatomic topography) - ANSWERpositioned anteriorly to the elbow
antebrachial (cubital) (anatomic topography) - ANSWERforearm
carpal (anatomic topography) - ANSWERwrist
palmar (anatomic topography) - ANSWERpalm

,navel (umbilical) (anatomic topography) - ANSWERbelly button
inguinal (groin) (anatomic topography) - ANSWERgroin
Thoracic (pectoral) (anatomic topography) - ANSWERthoracic area
sternal (anatomic topography) - ANSWERmid chest
mammary (anatomic topography) - ANSWERnipple
costal (anatomic topography) - ANSWERribs
abdominal (celiac) (anatomic topography) - ANSWERabs
pelvic (anatomic topography) - ANSWERpelvis
leg (crural) (anatomic topography) - ANSWERupper/lower leg
tarsal (anatomic topography) - ANSWERfoot
occipital (anatomic topography) - ANSWERback of head
cervical (anatomic topography) - ANSWERcervical spine
axillary (anatomic topography) - ANSWERarmpit
vertebral (anatomic topography) - ANSWERback/spine
lumbar (anatomic topography) - ANSWERlower spine
sacral (anatomic topography) - ANSWERlower lower spine
gluteal (buttock) (anatomic topography) - ANSWERbutt
perineal (anatomic topography) - ANSWERbelow pelvic diaphragm
femoral (thigh) (anatomic topography) - ANSWERupper leg
popliteal (anatomic topography) - ANSWERhollow back of the knee
cutaneous (skin) (anatomic topography) - ANSWERanything dealing with the skin
plantar (anatomic topography) - ANSWERbottom of foot
pedal (anatomic topography) - ANSWERdistal portion of bottom of foot
sternal notch (anatomic topography) - ANSWERtop of sternum where police grab to
make you sit down
clavicle (anatomic topography) - ANSWERclavicle
manubrium (anatomic topography) - ANSWERbone where top of sternum is
2nd costal cartilage (anatomic topography) - ANSWER
sternum (anatomic topography) - ANSWERsternum
xyphoid (anatomic topography) - ANSWERbottom of sternum
costal margin (anatomic topography) - ANSWERfrom xyphoid to bottom of 12th rib
costal angle (anatomic topography) - ANSWERangle between both costal margins
anterior axillary line (anatomic topography) - ANSWERvertical line in front of armpit
midaxillary line (anatomic topography) - ANSWERvertical line in middle of armpit
posterior axillary line (anatomic topography) - ANSWERvertical line behind armpit
The role of embryology when studying anatomy. - ANSWERCrucial for
understanding/recognizing anatomic variants and congenital anomalies.

Illuminates relationships between structures.

Provides perspective of anatomic compartments, dermatomyotomes, and fascial
planes.
(The Germinal Layers) - ANSWEREndoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Endoderm (The Germinal Layers) - ANSWERLining of alimentary tract

, -biliary system
-respiratory tract
-endocrine glands
-urinary system
-auditory systems
Mesoderm (The Germinal Layers) - ANSWERskeleton
cartilage
connective tissue
muscle
notochord
Ectoderm (The Germinal Layers) - ANSWERnerves
tooth enamel
epidermis
hair
nails
neural crest
Neural Tube Development - ANSWERFormed from the ectoderm.

Basis of the nervous system.

Alar plate in dorsal part of neural tube -- associated with sensation.

Basal plate in ventral part associated with motor control.

Open cranially and caudally for a short time. (NEUROPORES)

Neuropores close during 4th week in humans.

Improper closing = anencephaly or spina bifida

1. Neural groove forms
2. Neural groove closes
3. Neural TUBE forms
Neural Crest Cells - ANSWEREctoderm.
Unique to vertebrates.
Anything fight or flight mode related.
Essential evolutionary aspect for predators.

1. Thymus
2. Middle ear bones
3. Jaw
4. Odontoblasts
5. Melanocytes
6. Adrenal medulla
7. dorsal root ganglia