Bio 669 Detailed Exam 3 2025

Which of the following is not an effect of angiotensin II? - Correct Ans-Reduced aldosterone release What is the role of erythropoietin released by the kidney? - Correct Ans-It stimulates red blood cell production Aldosterone upon secretion by the adrenal cortex will have what effect on solute movement in the kidneys? - Correct Ans-K loss on the urine, Na retention in the plasma Urodilantin is a naturietic peptide and as such has what effect on kidneys/nephrons? - Correct Ans-It enhances Na secretion and K retention The pyramids contain the collecting ducts that drain through the papilla and are collected by the - Correct Ans-Calyx The principal cells function to - Correct Ans-Reabsorb Na and secrete K The creatinine clearance rate is a measure that typically is used to evaluate - Correct Ans-The GFR Which of the following is a symptom of chronic renal failure - Correct Ans-Hypocalcemia The loss of albumin one the urine will produce all of the follow effects except - Correct Ans-Reduction of mesangial cells and increase in podocytes Which of the following is an inhibitor of stone formation? - Correct Ans-Uromodulin (Tamm Horsfall proteins) The intercalated cells function to - Correct Ans-Reabsorb K and secrete H Antidiuretic hormone works by - Correct Ans-Incorporating aquaporins into the distal tubule and collecting ducts, making them permeable Which is not associated with chronic kidney disease - Correct Ans-Hypercalcemia The most common organism causing uti is - Correct Ans-E. Coli Which of the following is the most common kidney stone - Correct Ans-Calcium oxalate Bio 669 Bio 669 Because sweat is essentially a salt solution with an osmolarity lower than that of plasma, severe sweating leads to a reduction in plasma volume and an increase in plasma osmolarity. How do these changes affect the secretion of ADH? - Correct Ans both the decrease in plasma volume and the increase in osmolarity stimulate ADH secretion The area where blood is filtered and proteins are generally separated from the plasma is - Correct Ans-Glomerulus The modified smooth muscle cells that secrete renin are the - Correct Ans Juxtaglomerular cells Vitamin D is essential for - Correct Ans-The absorption of Ca and phosphate from the GI tract Which of the following does not favor a large glomerular filtration rate - Correct Ans-high resistance in the afferent arteriole Which signs and symptoms best fit nephritic syndrome - Correct Ans-Hematuria with casts, HTN, and mild proteinuria Which of the following is a risk factor for post obstructive diuresis - Correct Ans Hypertension The biggest stimulus (driver) of renin release is - Correct Ans-Decreased Na concentration in distal tubules The low hydrostatic pressure, high oncotic pressure that allow for reabsorbtion of valuable substances from filtrate are the - Correct Ans-Peritubular capillaries Glucose reabsorption occurs in the _______. - Correct Ans-proximal convoluted tubule An increase in renal vein and thus capillary, hydrostatic pressure is most likely to have what effect of GFR - Correct Ans-Decreased GFR Urine does not reflux back up into the ureter because - Correct Ans-The lower end of the ureter compressed by the detrusor muscle during micturition The nephrons best able to concentrate urine are the ____ nephrons. - Correct Ans Juxtamedullary Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces due to an upper urinary tract obstruction would best be termed a - Correct Ans-Hydronephrosis Which of the following would be expected to trigger a decrease in the secretion of ADH? - Correct Ans-ingestion of a large quantity of pure water Bio 669 Bio 669 A patient presents with flank pain and anuria followed by polyuria after undergoing catheterization of the ureturs. What is most likely the cause of this condition? - Correct Ans-Post renal acute failure The osmolality of tubular fluid increases as it flows through the descending loop of Henle because - Correct Ans-Water moves passively out of the descending limb The countercurrent exchange of the vas's recta only works properly if - Correct Ans-The flow rate is slow The sodium sending cells in the distal tubules are - Correct Ans-Macula densa A person with Lupu Erythematosus is most likely to have fata complications arising from - Correct Ans-Immune complex to the glomeruli, leading to severe glomerulonephritis An increase in MAP stimulates which of the following - Correct Ans-Increased water secretion in the urine The normal fasting glucose is 100 and the renal threshold is 300. If the plasma concentration double to 200 then - Correct Ans-The rate at which glucose is absorbed is doubled Overactive bladder syndrome shows which of the following features - Correct Ans Frequency, urgency, weak flow, and nocturia Acute cystitis is best described as - Correct Ans-Inflammation of the bladder presenting with frequency, dysuria, lower abdominal and/or suprapubic, low back pain The outer capillary epithelium is composed of ___ which fit with others to form filtration slits - Correct Ans-Podocytes Assume that fluid enters the distal tubule with an osmolarity of 100 mOsm, and that the maximum osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid is 1100 mOsm. As plasma ADH levels rise, what happens to the osmolarity of the urine? - Correct Ans-Approaches 1100 as an upper limit Which of the following does not stimulate aldosterone release - Correct Ans-Arterial natriuretic peptide Which of the following is not a consistent finding in nephrotic syndrome - Correct Ans Hypertension and vasoconstriction Renal blood flow and this GFR are kept relatively consistent by - Correct Ans-Myogenic (intrinsic) autoregulation Bio 669 The ___ histamine receptor is pro inflammatory.... while the ____ receptor is anti inflammatory and stimulates gastric acid - Correct Ans-H1, H2