Pulmonary Pathophys (ALPP Week 3) – Questions
With Applicable Solutions
T/F: in asthma, airway narrowing is reversible Correct Answer -
true
T/F: in COPD airway narrowing is reversible Correct Answer -
False, airway narrowing is irreversible in COPD
describe key aspects of the pathophysiology of asthma Correct
Answer - - airway infiltration of immune system cells
- release of inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes)
- airway inflammation
- airway obstruction
in asthma, airway obstruction results from these factors Correct
Answer - bronchiolar constriction, edema, and accumulation of
secretions
episodes of asthma can be precipitated by... Correct Answer - -
allergens
- drugs (aspirin, beta-blockers, NSAIDs)
- exercise
- emotional excitement
- viral infections
how does reflex vagal activity contribute to bronchoconstriction in
asthma? Correct Answer - - sensory nerves in the bronchi are
sensitive to inhaled irritants and histamine released from mast cells
--> reflex vagal efferent activity (ACh release) may contribute to
bronchoconstriction
, COPD is characterized by what? Correct Answer - irreversible
airway narrowing and increased airway resistance
Consequences of which pulmonary disorder include destruction of
lung tissue, including elastic tissue and alveolar septa? Correct
Answer - COPD
In COPD the breakdown of lung tissue is due to pulmonary
neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and release of which
enzyme? Correct Answer - protease enzymes (elastase)
what is alpha-1 antitrypsin? Correct Answer - genetic alpha-1
antitrypsin deficiency leads to increased activity of protease
enzymes, leading to breakdown of elastic lung tissue
How are measures of lung volume affected by COPD? Correct
Answer - RV, FRC, and TLC are increased in COPD.
- airway narrowing/collapse during expiration leads to trapping of
gas in distal alveoli
Why might the V/Q ratio be increased in COPD? Correct Answer -
alveolar septal destruction causes loss of pulmonary capillaries,
which leads to decreased perfusion and increased physiologic dead
space (V/Q is increased)
Why might the V/Q ratio be decreased in COPD? Correct Answer -
Airway narrowing/collapse decreases ventilation to alveoli and
increases physiologic shunt (V/Q is decreased) - this predisposes
patients to hypoxemia
hallmark characteristics of restrictive pulmonary disease Correct
Answer - - decreased lung compliance
- reduced lung volumes
With Applicable Solutions
T/F: in asthma, airway narrowing is reversible Correct Answer -
true
T/F: in COPD airway narrowing is reversible Correct Answer -
False, airway narrowing is irreversible in COPD
describe key aspects of the pathophysiology of asthma Correct
Answer - - airway infiltration of immune system cells
- release of inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotrienes)
- airway inflammation
- airway obstruction
in asthma, airway obstruction results from these factors Correct
Answer - bronchiolar constriction, edema, and accumulation of
secretions
episodes of asthma can be precipitated by... Correct Answer - -
allergens
- drugs (aspirin, beta-blockers, NSAIDs)
- exercise
- emotional excitement
- viral infections
how does reflex vagal activity contribute to bronchoconstriction in
asthma? Correct Answer - - sensory nerves in the bronchi are
sensitive to inhaled irritants and histamine released from mast cells
--> reflex vagal efferent activity (ACh release) may contribute to
bronchoconstriction
, COPD is characterized by what? Correct Answer - irreversible
airway narrowing and increased airway resistance
Consequences of which pulmonary disorder include destruction of
lung tissue, including elastic tissue and alveolar septa? Correct
Answer - COPD
In COPD the breakdown of lung tissue is due to pulmonary
neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and release of which
enzyme? Correct Answer - protease enzymes (elastase)
what is alpha-1 antitrypsin? Correct Answer - genetic alpha-1
antitrypsin deficiency leads to increased activity of protease
enzymes, leading to breakdown of elastic lung tissue
How are measures of lung volume affected by COPD? Correct
Answer - RV, FRC, and TLC are increased in COPD.
- airway narrowing/collapse during expiration leads to trapping of
gas in distal alveoli
Why might the V/Q ratio be increased in COPD? Correct Answer -
alveolar septal destruction causes loss of pulmonary capillaries,
which leads to decreased perfusion and increased physiologic dead
space (V/Q is increased)
Why might the V/Q ratio be decreased in COPD? Correct Answer -
Airway narrowing/collapse decreases ventilation to alveoli and
increases physiologic shunt (V/Q is decreased) - this predisposes
patients to hypoxemia
hallmark characteristics of restrictive pulmonary disease Correct
Answer - - decreased lung compliance
- reduced lung volumes
