RAD 105 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Multiplication - Answer- The growth in microbe numbers as a function of mitosis
Many infectious agents undergo great multiplication before their impact is recognized by
the host.
Incubation period
Damage - Answer- Damage can be either direct or indirect.
A microbe can induce a host response that also causes tissue and cell death through
activation of the host's inflammatory and immune responses.
Outcome - Answer- Results in any of three outcomes
Host gains control of the infectious agent and eliminates it
Infectious agent overcomes host's immunities to cause disease
Host and infectious agent compromise and live in a sort of symbiotic state
Chain of Infection - Answer- Host
Infectious microorganism
Mode of transportation
Reservoir
Routes for Disease Transmission - Answer- *Air
*Droplet
*Contact
*Transmission may be exogenous or endogenous
*Vector vs. fomite
Vector is usually an arthropod (mosquito, flea, tick, and so forth)
Fomite - inanimate object
Nosocomial infections - Answer- hospital acquired infections
Iatrogenic infections - Answer- caused by the physician intervention
Patient flora - Answer- skin, GI system, genitourinary system, & respiratory
Factors That Encourage Nosocomial Infections - Answer- Environment
Therapeutic regimen
Equipment
Contamination during medical procedures
Factors Increasing Potential for Nosocomial Infections - Answer- Age
, Heredity
Nutritional status
Stress
Inadequate rest or exercise
Personal choice habits
Health history
Inadequate defenses
Bloodborne pathogens - Answer- Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body
by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.
Considered nosocomial
Others that aren't as prevalent are:
Hep C, Hep D, and Syphilis
HIV - Answer- A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system.
Responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Symptoms: weight loss, muscle and joint pain, glandular pain and swelling, night sweats
May be asymptomatic after exposure to HIV for as long as 10 years
May take up to 1 year for results of blood test to become positive for HIV antibodies
HBV - Answer- hepatitis B virus
Primarily affects liver, resulting in swelling, soreness, and loss of normal function of liver
Symptoms: weakness, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, fever, and headache
Leads to yellow skin color (jaundice)
Some patients are asymptomatic.
Blood will test positive 2 to 6 weeks after symptoms develop.
Patients can recover in 6 to 8 weeks, but blood tests will always show they were
exposed.
Defense Mechanisms of the Body Internal Mechanisms - Answer- Mechanical Barriers
Chemical Processes
Cellular Processes
Defense Mechanisms of the Body External Mechanisms - Answer- Normal Microbial
Flora
Physical Methods
Hand washing
Chemotherapeutic Agents
Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Immunizations
Vaccines
Standard Precautions - Answer- A strict form of infection control that is based on the
assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious.
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Multiplication - Answer- The growth in microbe numbers as a function of mitosis
Many infectious agents undergo great multiplication before their impact is recognized by
the host.
Incubation period
Damage - Answer- Damage can be either direct or indirect.
A microbe can induce a host response that also causes tissue and cell death through
activation of the host's inflammatory and immune responses.
Outcome - Answer- Results in any of three outcomes
Host gains control of the infectious agent and eliminates it
Infectious agent overcomes host's immunities to cause disease
Host and infectious agent compromise and live in a sort of symbiotic state
Chain of Infection - Answer- Host
Infectious microorganism
Mode of transportation
Reservoir
Routes for Disease Transmission - Answer- *Air
*Droplet
*Contact
*Transmission may be exogenous or endogenous
*Vector vs. fomite
Vector is usually an arthropod (mosquito, flea, tick, and so forth)
Fomite - inanimate object
Nosocomial infections - Answer- hospital acquired infections
Iatrogenic infections - Answer- caused by the physician intervention
Patient flora - Answer- skin, GI system, genitourinary system, & respiratory
Factors That Encourage Nosocomial Infections - Answer- Environment
Therapeutic regimen
Equipment
Contamination during medical procedures
Factors Increasing Potential for Nosocomial Infections - Answer- Age
, Heredity
Nutritional status
Stress
Inadequate rest or exercise
Personal choice habits
Health history
Inadequate defenses
Bloodborne pathogens - Answer- Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body
by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.
Considered nosocomial
Others that aren't as prevalent are:
Hep C, Hep D, and Syphilis
HIV - Answer- A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system.
Responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Symptoms: weight loss, muscle and joint pain, glandular pain and swelling, night sweats
May be asymptomatic after exposure to HIV for as long as 10 years
May take up to 1 year for results of blood test to become positive for HIV antibodies
HBV - Answer- hepatitis B virus
Primarily affects liver, resulting in swelling, soreness, and loss of normal function of liver
Symptoms: weakness, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, fever, and headache
Leads to yellow skin color (jaundice)
Some patients are asymptomatic.
Blood will test positive 2 to 6 weeks after symptoms develop.
Patients can recover in 6 to 8 weeks, but blood tests will always show they were
exposed.
Defense Mechanisms of the Body Internal Mechanisms - Answer- Mechanical Barriers
Chemical Processes
Cellular Processes
Defense Mechanisms of the Body External Mechanisms - Answer- Normal Microbial
Flora
Physical Methods
Hand washing
Chemotherapeutic Agents
Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Immunizations
Vaccines
Standard Precautions - Answer- A strict form of infection control that is based on the
assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious.
