BCHM 4360 EXAM 2 CHAPTER 9 2025 UPDATES QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWER ALREADY GRADED A+(BRAND NEW VERSION)
transcriptional regulation is key to providing the cell with the correct ____ of gene product at
the correct ______
amount; time
transcriptional regulators like transcription factors can have dramatic effects on gene _________
expression
transcriptional regulation underlies cell ________ and _____ and employs a wide range of
mechanisms
differentiation; development
the RNA polymerase holoenzyme can transcribe any gene that has a functional __________
promoter
one level of regulation is promoter _________
strength
most regulation comes from targeted gene regulation:
1.
,2.
3.
. at transcription 1initiation
2. at elongation or termination
3. regulation from the transcribed RNA itself
regulatory proteins that decrease the level of transcripts for certain genes are called _____
repressors
proteins that increase transcription are ______
activators
many genes are regulated by proteins that bind near the gene, most often _____ of the
promoter
upstream
________ _______ are specific DNA regions to which regulatory proteins bind
regulatory sequences
regulatory sequences can be directly upstream of the ________ or many kb away
promoter
,in bacteria, sequences are recognized by regulators called _______ ____ and are typically close
to the promoter or overlapping it
operator sites
if operators are distal to the gene, the DNA must _____ for the regulatory protein to interact
with the polymerase, sometimes aided by architectural DNA binding proteins
loop
eukaryotic genes are more often controlled by distal regulatory sequences than bacterial genes.
these can be several thousand base pairs away and are called ________
enhancers
regulatory sequences frequently bind several regulatory proteins - this increases the _______
and ______ of the regulation
sophistication; subtlety
enhancers can be ____ or _____ of the gene
upstream; downstream
as in bacteria, distal sequences regulate gene expression by _____
, looping
_______ control regions are found in more complex eukaryotes
locus
locus control regions (LCRs) have a combination of _____ and ______ elements
enhancer; insulator
________ genes are controlled by a locus control region
beta-globin
several proteins bind to the LCR. this recruits extra proteins and ____ gene transcription
activates
DNA looping may bring the bound proteins to the promoter and encourage assembly of the
__________ _________ _________
transcription initiation complex
regulatory proteins must be able to specifically recognize the correct regulatory ______
sequence
VERIFIED ANSWER ALREADY GRADED A+(BRAND NEW VERSION)
transcriptional regulation is key to providing the cell with the correct ____ of gene product at
the correct ______
amount; time
transcriptional regulators like transcription factors can have dramatic effects on gene _________
expression
transcriptional regulation underlies cell ________ and _____ and employs a wide range of
mechanisms
differentiation; development
the RNA polymerase holoenzyme can transcribe any gene that has a functional __________
promoter
one level of regulation is promoter _________
strength
most regulation comes from targeted gene regulation:
1.
,2.
3.
. at transcription 1initiation
2. at elongation or termination
3. regulation from the transcribed RNA itself
regulatory proteins that decrease the level of transcripts for certain genes are called _____
repressors
proteins that increase transcription are ______
activators
many genes are regulated by proteins that bind near the gene, most often _____ of the
promoter
upstream
________ _______ are specific DNA regions to which regulatory proteins bind
regulatory sequences
regulatory sequences can be directly upstream of the ________ or many kb away
promoter
,in bacteria, sequences are recognized by regulators called _______ ____ and are typically close
to the promoter or overlapping it
operator sites
if operators are distal to the gene, the DNA must _____ for the regulatory protein to interact
with the polymerase, sometimes aided by architectural DNA binding proteins
loop
eukaryotic genes are more often controlled by distal regulatory sequences than bacterial genes.
these can be several thousand base pairs away and are called ________
enhancers
regulatory sequences frequently bind several regulatory proteins - this increases the _______
and ______ of the regulation
sophistication; subtlety
enhancers can be ____ or _____ of the gene
upstream; downstream
as in bacteria, distal sequences regulate gene expression by _____
, looping
_______ control regions are found in more complex eukaryotes
locus
locus control regions (LCRs) have a combination of _____ and ______ elements
enhancer; insulator
________ genes are controlled by a locus control region
beta-globin
several proteins bind to the LCR. this recruits extra proteins and ____ gene transcription
activates
DNA looping may bring the bound proteins to the promoter and encourage assembly of the
__________ _________ _________
transcription initiation complex
regulatory proteins must be able to specifically recognize the correct regulatory ______
sequence
