D439 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS!!
deconditioning
Frequently patients experience functional decline (the loss of the ability to perform self-care or
activities of daily living). Such decline may result not only from illness or adverse treatment
effects but also from ___________ associated with imposed inactivity. You can see the negative
effects of _________after very short periods of time, such as hospitalization. ___________
involves physiological changes after a period of inactivity (e.g., bed rest or sedentary lifestyle). It
is a particular risk for patients who are hospitalized and spend most of their time in bed, even
when they are able to walk.
Movement
_______________ is a complex process that requires coordination between the musculoskeletal
and nervous systems.
Body mechanics
_____________ is a term that describes the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and
nervous systems.
body alignment and "posture"
The terms _____________ are similar and refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons,
ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting, and lying. Body alignment means that an
individual's center of gravity is stable. Correct body alignment reduces strain on musculoskeletal
structures, aids in maintaining adequate muscle tone, promotes comfort, and contributes to
balance and conservation of energy.
musculoskeletal and nervous systems
Coordinated body movement involves the integrated functioning of the ____________. Because
these systems work together dynamically, they are often considered as a single functional unit.
skeletal system
,The ____________ provides attachments for muscles and ligaments and the leverage necessary
for mobility. Thus, the skeleton is the supporting framework of the body and is made up of four
types of bones: long, short, flat, and irregular. Bones are important for movement because they
are firm, rigid, and elastic.
calcium and phosphate
Firmness results from inorganic salts such as _____________ that are in the bone matrix. It is
related to the rigidity of the bone, which is necessary to keep long bones straight, and enables
bones to withstand weight-bearing.
joint
The region where two or more bones attach is referred to as a _________. Each __________ is
classified according to its structure and degree of mobility.
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
There are three classifications of joints:________________.
Fibrous joints
3 types of joints
______________ fit closely together and are fixed, permitting little if any movement, such as the
syndesmosis between the tibia and fibula
Cartilaginous joints
3 types of joints
_____________ have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to unite separate bony
surfaces, such as the synchondrosis that attaches the ribs to the costal cartilage.
Synovial joints
3 types of joints
,_____________, or true joints, such as the hinge type at the elbow, are freely movable and the
most mobile, numerous, and anatomically complex body joints
ossify
When bone growth is complete, the joints ______________.
Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
________________ support the skeletal system.
Ligaments
____________ are white, shiny, flexible bands of dense fibrous tissue that bind joints and
connect bones and cartilage. A _________ is one type of collagenous fiber that intertwines in
irregular, swirling arrangements to form thick connective tissue. _________ are predominantly
elastic fibers. Some __________ serve a protective function. For example, _____________
between the vertebral bodies and the ligamentum flavum prevent damage to the spinal cord
during movement of the back.
Tendons
________________ are glistening white fibrous bands of tissue that occur in various lengths and
thicknesses. ___________ connect muscle to bone and are strong, flexible, and inelastic.
Achilles tendon
The ____________ is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body. It begins near the
midposterior of the leg and attaches the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in the calf to the
calcaneal bone in the back of the foot
Cartilage
___________ is nonvascular (without blood vessels), supporting connective tissue located
chiefly in the joints and the thorax, trachea, larynx, nose, and ear. It has the flexibility of a firm,
plastic material. __________ sustains weight and serves as a shock absorber between articulating
bones.
unossified
, Permanent cartilage is ___________ (not hardened), except in advanced age and diseases such as
osteoarthritis, which impairs mobility.
myosin and actin
Muscle fibers contract when stimulated by an electrochemical impulse that travels from the
nerve to the muscle across the neuromuscular junction. The electrochemical impulse causes the
filaments (predominantly protein molecules of _____________) within the fiber to slide past one
another, with the filaments changing length. Continued and efficient use of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), the energy source for muscular contraction, requires glucose and oxygen.
Both nutrients reach the muscle fibers through vascular capillaries
600
There are more than _____________ skeletal muscles in the body.
one joint and attach to both articulating bones
Most of our muscles span at least _________________.
isotonic and isometric
There are two types of muscle contractions, _______________.
isotonic or dynamic contraction
An _______________ is mobilizing, causing the body to move
isometric contraction
an ______________ is stabilizing, causing the body to hold a stable position
concentric and eccentric
Isotonic contractions have two varieties, ____________.
concentric tension
2 types of isotonic contractions
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS!!
deconditioning
Frequently patients experience functional decline (the loss of the ability to perform self-care or
activities of daily living). Such decline may result not only from illness or adverse treatment
effects but also from ___________ associated with imposed inactivity. You can see the negative
effects of _________after very short periods of time, such as hospitalization. ___________
involves physiological changes after a period of inactivity (e.g., bed rest or sedentary lifestyle). It
is a particular risk for patients who are hospitalized and spend most of their time in bed, even
when they are able to walk.
Movement
_______________ is a complex process that requires coordination between the musculoskeletal
and nervous systems.
Body mechanics
_____________ is a term that describes the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and
nervous systems.
body alignment and "posture"
The terms _____________ are similar and refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons,
ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting, and lying. Body alignment means that an
individual's center of gravity is stable. Correct body alignment reduces strain on musculoskeletal
structures, aids in maintaining adequate muscle tone, promotes comfort, and contributes to
balance and conservation of energy.
musculoskeletal and nervous systems
Coordinated body movement involves the integrated functioning of the ____________. Because
these systems work together dynamically, they are often considered as a single functional unit.
skeletal system
,The ____________ provides attachments for muscles and ligaments and the leverage necessary
for mobility. Thus, the skeleton is the supporting framework of the body and is made up of four
types of bones: long, short, flat, and irregular. Bones are important for movement because they
are firm, rigid, and elastic.
calcium and phosphate
Firmness results from inorganic salts such as _____________ that are in the bone matrix. It is
related to the rigidity of the bone, which is necessary to keep long bones straight, and enables
bones to withstand weight-bearing.
joint
The region where two or more bones attach is referred to as a _________. Each __________ is
classified according to its structure and degree of mobility.
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
There are three classifications of joints:________________.
Fibrous joints
3 types of joints
______________ fit closely together and are fixed, permitting little if any movement, such as the
syndesmosis between the tibia and fibula
Cartilaginous joints
3 types of joints
_____________ have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to unite separate bony
surfaces, such as the synchondrosis that attaches the ribs to the costal cartilage.
Synovial joints
3 types of joints
,_____________, or true joints, such as the hinge type at the elbow, are freely movable and the
most mobile, numerous, and anatomically complex body joints
ossify
When bone growth is complete, the joints ______________.
Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
________________ support the skeletal system.
Ligaments
____________ are white, shiny, flexible bands of dense fibrous tissue that bind joints and
connect bones and cartilage. A _________ is one type of collagenous fiber that intertwines in
irregular, swirling arrangements to form thick connective tissue. _________ are predominantly
elastic fibers. Some __________ serve a protective function. For example, _____________
between the vertebral bodies and the ligamentum flavum prevent damage to the spinal cord
during movement of the back.
Tendons
________________ are glistening white fibrous bands of tissue that occur in various lengths and
thicknesses. ___________ connect muscle to bone and are strong, flexible, and inelastic.
Achilles tendon
The ____________ is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body. It begins near the
midposterior of the leg and attaches the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in the calf to the
calcaneal bone in the back of the foot
Cartilage
___________ is nonvascular (without blood vessels), supporting connective tissue located
chiefly in the joints and the thorax, trachea, larynx, nose, and ear. It has the flexibility of a firm,
plastic material. __________ sustains weight and serves as a shock absorber between articulating
bones.
unossified
, Permanent cartilage is ___________ (not hardened), except in advanced age and diseases such as
osteoarthritis, which impairs mobility.
myosin and actin
Muscle fibers contract when stimulated by an electrochemical impulse that travels from the
nerve to the muscle across the neuromuscular junction. The electrochemical impulse causes the
filaments (predominantly protein molecules of _____________) within the fiber to slide past one
another, with the filaments changing length. Continued and efficient use of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), the energy source for muscular contraction, requires glucose and oxygen.
Both nutrients reach the muscle fibers through vascular capillaries
600
There are more than _____________ skeletal muscles in the body.
one joint and attach to both articulating bones
Most of our muscles span at least _________________.
isotonic and isometric
There are two types of muscle contractions, _______________.
isotonic or dynamic contraction
An _______________ is mobilizing, causing the body to move
isometric contraction
an ______________ is stabilizing, causing the body to hold a stable position
concentric and eccentric
Isotonic contractions have two varieties, ____________.
concentric tension
2 types of isotonic contractions
