Portage Learning- BIOD 151 Exam 1
What is the function of the Golgi complex? - ✔ ✔ receives lipids and
proteins from ER and alters the structures and ships them to other
parts of the cell
What is the function of lysosomes? - ✔ ✔ contain digestive enzymes
to breakdown waste products and harmful materials
What is the function of mitochondria? - ✔ ✔ convert chemical
energy to ATP
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - ✔ ✔ regulate the
passage of materials that enter and exit the cell
What is the function of microtubules and microfilaments? - ✔ ✔
Microtubules: involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell
division and in the structure if there is cilia or flagella
Microfilaments: Two intertwined chains of actin that work together
with myosin to cause the formation of two daughter cells
What is the function of the extracellular matrix? - ✔ ✔ Binds
together and regulates many cellular functions
Describe aerobic respiration and the purpose of ATP production - ✔
✔ Aerobic respiration is the process of using oxygen to create CO2
and ATP. The purpose of ATP production is to produce as much energy
as possible
Explain what happens in Tay-Sachs disease - ✔ ✔ One of the
normally present digestive enzymes inside lysosomes is lacking. Thus, a
, toxic lipid in the brain cells cannot be broken down. The resulting
buildup of lipids in these cells can cause intellectual disability and
death.
Define Eukaryotic cells - ✔ ✔ cells that contain a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles
Define Prokaryotic cells - ✔ ✔ cells that do not contain a nucleus
and do not contain membrane bound organelles or enclosed nuclei
Define membranes - ✔ ✔ a thin layer of cells that act as a lining or
boundary to protect the cell
Define diffusion - ✔ ✔ the movement of molecules from a high
concentration to a lower concentration
Define active transport - ✔ ✔ when particles are moving against
their concentration gradient and therefore require energy expenditure
Define endocytosis - ✔ ✔ the taking in of matter by a living cell by
invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole
Define proteins - ✔ ✔ large macromolecules that contain one or
more long chains of amino acids
Define isotonic - ✔ ✔ equal amounts of solutes inside and outside
the cell
Define hypertonic - ✔ ✔ higher solute concentration on the outside
of the cell than on the inside
Define hypotonic - ✔ ✔ lower solute concentration on the inside of
the cell than the inside
What is the function of the Golgi complex? - ✔ ✔ receives lipids and
proteins from ER and alters the structures and ships them to other
parts of the cell
What is the function of lysosomes? - ✔ ✔ contain digestive enzymes
to breakdown waste products and harmful materials
What is the function of mitochondria? - ✔ ✔ convert chemical
energy to ATP
What is the function of the plasma membrane? - ✔ ✔ regulate the
passage of materials that enter and exit the cell
What is the function of microtubules and microfilaments? - ✔ ✔
Microtubules: involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell
division and in the structure if there is cilia or flagella
Microfilaments: Two intertwined chains of actin that work together
with myosin to cause the formation of two daughter cells
What is the function of the extracellular matrix? - ✔ ✔ Binds
together and regulates many cellular functions
Describe aerobic respiration and the purpose of ATP production - ✔
✔ Aerobic respiration is the process of using oxygen to create CO2
and ATP. The purpose of ATP production is to produce as much energy
as possible
Explain what happens in Tay-Sachs disease - ✔ ✔ One of the
normally present digestive enzymes inside lysosomes is lacking. Thus, a
, toxic lipid in the brain cells cannot be broken down. The resulting
buildup of lipids in these cells can cause intellectual disability and
death.
Define Eukaryotic cells - ✔ ✔ cells that contain a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles
Define Prokaryotic cells - ✔ ✔ cells that do not contain a nucleus
and do not contain membrane bound organelles or enclosed nuclei
Define membranes - ✔ ✔ a thin layer of cells that act as a lining or
boundary to protect the cell
Define diffusion - ✔ ✔ the movement of molecules from a high
concentration to a lower concentration
Define active transport - ✔ ✔ when particles are moving against
their concentration gradient and therefore require energy expenditure
Define endocytosis - ✔ ✔ the taking in of matter by a living cell by
invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole
Define proteins - ✔ ✔ large macromolecules that contain one or
more long chains of amino acids
Define isotonic - ✔ ✔ equal amounts of solutes inside and outside
the cell
Define hypertonic - ✔ ✔ higher solute concentration on the outside
of the cell than on the inside
Define hypotonic - ✔ ✔ lower solute concentration on the inside of
the cell than the inside
