WGU D027 COURSE MATERIAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT!!!
Which of the following is not a cellular function?
a. Excretion
b. Metabolism
c. Reproduction
✔✔ d. Combustion
📝 Explanation: Cells carry out essential processes like metabolism, waste
excretion, and reproduction. Combustion, a rapid chemical reaction that produces
heat and light, is not a biological cellular process.
What is the primary role of mitochondria in the cell?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Waste removal
✔✔ c. Energy production
d. Genetic replication
📝 Explanation: Mitochondria are the cell’s powerhouses, generating ATP through
metabolic pathways to supply energy.
Which of the following can cause edema?
a. Decreased vascular pressure
b. Decreased lymphatic pressure
✔✔ c. Increased lymphatic pressure
d. Normal plasma osmotic pressure
📝 Explanation: Elevated lymphatic pressure can impair fluid drainage, leading to
fluid accumulation in tissues—i.e., edema.
,What is the result of normal cellular reproduction (mitosis)?
a. One diploid and one haploid cell
b. Two haploid cells
✔✔ c. Two diploid daughter cells
d. Four genetically distinct cells
📝 Explanation: Mitosis results in two identical diploid cells, each with the same
number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What laboratory value indicates hypokalemia?
✔✔ a. Serum potassium below 3.5 mEq/L
b. Serum potassium above 5.5 mEq/L
c. Administration of potassium supplements
d. Low serum sodium levels
📝 Explanation: Hypokalemia is defined by serum potassium levels below 3.5
mEq/L. It may cause muscle weakness, arrhythmias, and other metabolic issues.
What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy? - ANSWER✔✔Uterine
enlargement due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while
hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a
change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in
response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular
pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal
solid organ capable of regeneration to repair itself creating more cells
(hyperplasia). During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more cells
and enlarge those existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
What regulates the sodium balance? - ANSWER✔✔Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the
kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
,What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal? -
ANSWER✔✔Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the
extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or
normotonic states are a balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid
volumes. Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF
above normal.
When in excess, what do buffers absorb? - ANSWER✔✔Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are absorbed for the purpose
of maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have? -
ANSWER✔✔pH below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds
that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides? -
ANSWER✔✔Translation -
Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is
synthesized. Mutation means genetic material has been modified through
inheritance. Creation is a term that does not apply in this context.
What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease? - ANSWER✔✔50% -
For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the disease, the chance
of each child being heterozygous affected is 50%.
Which of the following statements is true about autosomal recessive disease? -
ANSWER✔✔It affects both men and women equally -
, A criterion for recognizing the inheritance of an autosomal recessive disease is that
men and women will be affected by it in equal measure.
What is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at the specific point
in time? - ANSWER✔✔Prevalence rate -
Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a disease within a period
of time divided by the number of the population's individuals. The prevalence rate
is affected by the incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk
factor is anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the measure of a risk
factor effect.
Which of the following should be completed when a disease is multifactorial but
has a larger genetic component? - ANSWER✔✔Get a thorough family history -
Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but diseases such as
breast cancer are hereditary, so the family history should be reviewed.
Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process? - ANSWER✔✔To
destroy foreign, invasive microorganisms -
The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruction of foreign or
invasive organisms. As a secondary effect, it increases the healing and immune
response processes of the body.
What causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? -
ANSWER✔✔Increased vascular permeability -
Increased pressure in the vasculature secondary to the vasodilatory effects of
inflammation will result in the leakage of fluid into third spaces (i.e., edema).
Previousquestion
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT!!!
Which of the following is not a cellular function?
a. Excretion
b. Metabolism
c. Reproduction
✔✔ d. Combustion
📝 Explanation: Cells carry out essential processes like metabolism, waste
excretion, and reproduction. Combustion, a rapid chemical reaction that produces
heat and light, is not a biological cellular process.
What is the primary role of mitochondria in the cell?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Waste removal
✔✔ c. Energy production
d. Genetic replication
📝 Explanation: Mitochondria are the cell’s powerhouses, generating ATP through
metabolic pathways to supply energy.
Which of the following can cause edema?
a. Decreased vascular pressure
b. Decreased lymphatic pressure
✔✔ c. Increased lymphatic pressure
d. Normal plasma osmotic pressure
📝 Explanation: Elevated lymphatic pressure can impair fluid drainage, leading to
fluid accumulation in tissues—i.e., edema.
,What is the result of normal cellular reproduction (mitosis)?
a. One diploid and one haploid cell
b. Two haploid cells
✔✔ c. Two diploid daughter cells
d. Four genetically distinct cells
📝 Explanation: Mitosis results in two identical diploid cells, each with the same
number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What laboratory value indicates hypokalemia?
✔✔ a. Serum potassium below 3.5 mEq/L
b. Serum potassium above 5.5 mEq/L
c. Administration of potassium supplements
d. Low serum sodium levels
📝 Explanation: Hypokalemia is defined by serum potassium levels below 3.5
mEq/L. It may cause muscle weakness, arrhythmias, and other metabolic issues.
What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy? - ANSWER✔✔Uterine
enlargement due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while
hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a
change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in
response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular
pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal
solid organ capable of regeneration to repair itself creating more cells
(hyperplasia). During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more cells
and enlarge those existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
What regulates the sodium balance? - ANSWER✔✔Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the
kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.
,What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal? -
ANSWER✔✔Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the
extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or
normotonic states are a balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid
volumes. Hypertonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF
above normal.
When in excess, what do buffers absorb? - ANSWER✔✔Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH−), are absorbed for the purpose
of maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have? -
ANSWER✔✔pH below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds
that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides? -
ANSWER✔✔Translation -
Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is
synthesized. Mutation means genetic material has been modified through
inheritance. Creation is a term that does not apply in this context.
What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease? - ANSWER✔✔50% -
For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the disease, the chance
of each child being heterozygous affected is 50%.
Which of the following statements is true about autosomal recessive disease? -
ANSWER✔✔It affects both men and women equally -
, A criterion for recognizing the inheritance of an autosomal recessive disease is that
men and women will be affected by it in equal measure.
What is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at the specific point
in time? - ANSWER✔✔Prevalence rate -
Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a disease within a period
of time divided by the number of the population's individuals. The prevalence rate
is affected by the incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk
factor is anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the measure of a risk
factor effect.
Which of the following should be completed when a disease is multifactorial but
has a larger genetic component? - ANSWER✔✔Get a thorough family history -
Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but diseases such as
breast cancer are hereditary, so the family history should be reviewed.
Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process? - ANSWER✔✔To
destroy foreign, invasive microorganisms -
The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruction of foreign or
invasive organisms. As a secondary effect, it increases the healing and immune
response processes of the body.
What causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? -
ANSWER✔✔Increased vascular permeability -
Increased pressure in the vasculature secondary to the vasodilatory effects of
inflammation will result in the leakage of fluid into third spaces (i.e., edema).
Previousquestion
