Test Bank Complete_
Fundamentals Of Molecular Virology 3rd Edition, (2025)
By Christopher D. Richardson & Nicholas H. Acheson
All Chapters 1-42| 11 Sections| Latest Edition With Verified Answers| Rated A+
From: [Bestmaxsolutions.Stuvia
,SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Chapter 1: Introduction To Virology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Chapter 2: Virus Structure And Assembly---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Chapter 3: Virus Classification: The World Of Viruses ------------------------------------------------------------ 30
Chapter 4: Virus Entry ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
SECTION 2: VIRUSES OF BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA -------------------------------------------------------- 49
Chapter 5: Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages ------------------------------------------------------------------ 49
Chapter 6: Microviruses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
Chapter 7: Bacteriophage T7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
Chapter 8: Bacteriophage T4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78
Chapter 9: Bacteriophage Lambda------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95
Chapter 10: Viruses Of Archaea -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
SECTION 3: POSITIVE‐STRAND RNA ANIMAL VIRUSES -------------------------------------------------- 113
Chapter 11: Picornaviruses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 113
Chapter 12: Flaviviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 123
Chapter 13: Hepaciviruses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
Chapter 14: Togaviruses And Rubella Virus ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 149
Chapter 15: Coronaviruses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 159
SECTION 4: NEGATIVE‐STRAND AND DOUBLE‐STRANDED RNA ANIMAL VIRUSES -------------- 168
Chapter 16: Paramyxoviruses And Pneumoviruses ------------------------------------------------------------- 168
Chapter 17: Rhabdoviruses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 178
Chapter 18: Filoviruses-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 186
Chapter 19: Bunyaviruses ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 195
Chapter 20: Influenza Viruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 204
Chapter 21: Reoviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 216
SECTION 5: SECTION V: SMALL DNA ANIMAL VIRUSES ------------------------------------------------- 226
Chapter 22: Parvoviruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 226
Chapter 23: Polyomaviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 236
Chapter 24: Papillomaviruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 246
SECTION 6: SECTION VI: LARGE DNA ANIMAL VIRUSES ------------------------------------------------ 256
Chapter 25: Adenoviruses---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 256
, Chapter 26: Herpesviruses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 266
Chapter 27: Poxviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 277
SECTION 7: VIRUSES WITH A REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE ----------------------------------------------- 287
Chapter 28: Retroviruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 287
Chapter 29: Human Immunodeficiency Virus --------------------------------------------------------------------- 298
Chapter 30: Hepadnaviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 308
SECTION 8: VIROIDS AND PRIONS---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 319
Chapter 31: Viroids And Hepatitis Delta Virus -------------------------------------------------------------------- 319
Chapter 32: Prions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 328
SECTION 9: VIRUSES OF PLANTS, ALGAE, AND INVERTEBRATES ------------------------------------- 338
Chapter 33: Cucumber Mosaic Virus -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 338
Chapter 34: Viruses Of Algae And Mimivirus, A Giant Virus -------------------------------------------------- 348
Chapter 35: Baculoviruses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 358
Chapter 36: Viruses Of Invertebrates ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 368
SECTION 10: HOST DEFENSES AGAINST VIRUS INFECTION -------------------------------------------- 384
Chapter 37: Innate Immune Responses Against Virus Infection --------------------------------------------- 384
Chapter 38: Adaptive Immune Responses To Virus Infection ------------------------------------------------ 393
SECTION 11: MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF VIROLOGY --------------------------------------------------- 403
Chapter 39: Antiviral Vaccines ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 403
Chapter 40: Antiviral Chemotherapy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 413
Chapter 41: Oncolytic Viruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 423
Chapter 42: Virus‐Mediated Gene Therapy ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 440
,SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY
Chapter 1: Introduction To Virology
Christopher D. Richardson: Fundamentals Of Molecular Virology 3rd Edition, (2025) Test Bank
QUESTION TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What Distinguishes A Virus From All Other Microorganisms?
A) Ability To Reproduce Independently
B) Presence Of A Nucleus
C) Dependence On Host Cell Machinery For Replication
D) Ability To Metabolize Nutrients
E) Double-Stranded DNA Genome
ANS: C
Viruses Are Obligate Intracellular Parasites—They Lack The Metabolic Machinery
Needed For Self-Replication And Must Hijack A Host Cell’s Processes To Reproduce.
2. Which Component Is Not Present In All Viruses?
A) Nucleic Acid
B) Protein Capsid
C) Lipid Envelope
D) Genetic Information
E) None Of The Above
ANS: C
All Viruses Have Genetic Material And A Protein Capsid, But Not All Have A Lipid
Envelope. Envelopes Are Acquired From Host Membranes And Are Present Only In
Enveloped Viruses.
3. The Smallest Known Viruses Are Approximately What Size?
,A) 1 Μm
B) 300 Nm
C) 20 Nm
D) 1000 Nm
E) 5 Μm
ANS: C
The Smallest Viruses, Such As Parvoviruses, Can Be As Small As 20 Nm In Diameter—
Far Smaller Than Most Bacteria.
4. The Baltimore Classification System Is Based On:
A) Host Range
B) Capsid Shape
C) Genome Type And Replication Strategy
D) Envelope Presence
E) Disease Symptoms
ANS: C
The Baltimore System Groups Viruses Into Seven Classes Based On The Type Of
Nucleic Acid They Carry And How They Replicate And Produce MRNA.
5. Which Class Of Viruses Must Carry Their Own RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase?
A) Double-Stranded DNA Viruses
B) Single-Stranded (+) RNA Viruses
C) Retroviruses
D) Double-Stranded RNA Viruses
E) Satellite Viruses
ANS: D
DsRNA Viruses Must Carry RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Because Host Cells Do
Not Have Enzymes To Transcribe DsRNA Into MRNA.
,6. Which Of The Following Statements Best Defines A Virion?
A) The Genome Of A Virus
B) A Virus That Has Infected A Host
C) The Complete, Infectious Virus Particle
D) A Non-Infectious Viral Fragment
E) The RNA Segment Of A Virus
ANS: C
A Virion Is The Fully Assembled, Infectious Form Of A Virus Outside A Host Cell,
Typically Including The Genome, Capsid, And Sometimes Envelope.
7. Viral Envelopes Are Derived From Which Of The Following?
A) Viral Ribosomes
B) Host Cell Membranes
C) Bacterial Capsules
D) Viral DNA
E) Host Cytoplasm
ANS: B
Enveloped Viruses Acquire Their Lipid Membranes From Host Cell Membranes During
Budding (Either Plasma Or Organelle Membranes).
8. The Term "Nucleocapsid" Refers To:
A) Viral DNA Only
B) Capsid And Envelope
C) Capsid Proteins Only
D) Genome Plus Capsid
E) RNA Plus Envelope
ANS: D
, The Nucleocapsid Is The Viral Genome (RNA Or DNA) Enclosed In A Protective
Protein Shell Called The Capsid.
9. Which Of The Following Methods Is Not Commonly Used For Studying Viruses?
A) Plaque Assays
B) Cell Culture
C) Electron Microscopy
D) Streak Plating On Agar
E) Molecular Cloning
ANS: D
Viruses Do Not Grow On Agar Plates Because They Require Living Host Cells For
Replication, Unlike Bacteria.
10. Which Scientist Is Credited With Discovering The First Virus?
A) Edward Jenner
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Dmitri Ivanovsky
D) Robert Koch
E) Alexander Fleming
ANS: C
In 1892, Ivanovsky Demonstrated That Extracts From Diseased Tobacco Plants Could
Still Cause Disease After Filtration, Leading To The Discovery Of The Tobacco Mosaic
Virus.
11. Why Are Viruses Considered Acellular?
A) They Contain Only RNA
B) They Lack Cytoplasm And Organelles
C) They Are Always Extracellular
D) They Have No Effect On Living Cells
Fundamentals Of Molecular Virology 3rd Edition, (2025)
By Christopher D. Richardson & Nicholas H. Acheson
All Chapters 1-42| 11 Sections| Latest Edition With Verified Answers| Rated A+
From: [Bestmaxsolutions.Stuvia
,SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Chapter 1: Introduction To Virology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Chapter 2: Virus Structure And Assembly---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Chapter 3: Virus Classification: The World Of Viruses ------------------------------------------------------------ 30
Chapter 4: Virus Entry ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
SECTION 2: VIRUSES OF BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA -------------------------------------------------------- 49
Chapter 5: Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages ------------------------------------------------------------------ 49
Chapter 6: Microviruses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
Chapter 7: Bacteriophage T7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68
Chapter 8: Bacteriophage T4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78
Chapter 9: Bacteriophage Lambda------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95
Chapter 10: Viruses Of Archaea -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
SECTION 3: POSITIVE‐STRAND RNA ANIMAL VIRUSES -------------------------------------------------- 113
Chapter 11: Picornaviruses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 113
Chapter 12: Flaviviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 123
Chapter 13: Hepaciviruses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
Chapter 14: Togaviruses And Rubella Virus ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 149
Chapter 15: Coronaviruses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 159
SECTION 4: NEGATIVE‐STRAND AND DOUBLE‐STRANDED RNA ANIMAL VIRUSES -------------- 168
Chapter 16: Paramyxoviruses And Pneumoviruses ------------------------------------------------------------- 168
Chapter 17: Rhabdoviruses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 178
Chapter 18: Filoviruses-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 186
Chapter 19: Bunyaviruses ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 195
Chapter 20: Influenza Viruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 204
Chapter 21: Reoviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 216
SECTION 5: SECTION V: SMALL DNA ANIMAL VIRUSES ------------------------------------------------- 226
Chapter 22: Parvoviruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 226
Chapter 23: Polyomaviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 236
Chapter 24: Papillomaviruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 246
SECTION 6: SECTION VI: LARGE DNA ANIMAL VIRUSES ------------------------------------------------ 256
Chapter 25: Adenoviruses---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 256
, Chapter 26: Herpesviruses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 266
Chapter 27: Poxviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 277
SECTION 7: VIRUSES WITH A REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE ----------------------------------------------- 287
Chapter 28: Retroviruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 287
Chapter 29: Human Immunodeficiency Virus --------------------------------------------------------------------- 298
Chapter 30: Hepadnaviruses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 308
SECTION 8: VIROIDS AND PRIONS---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 319
Chapter 31: Viroids And Hepatitis Delta Virus -------------------------------------------------------------------- 319
Chapter 32: Prions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 328
SECTION 9: VIRUSES OF PLANTS, ALGAE, AND INVERTEBRATES ------------------------------------- 338
Chapter 33: Cucumber Mosaic Virus -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 338
Chapter 34: Viruses Of Algae And Mimivirus, A Giant Virus -------------------------------------------------- 348
Chapter 35: Baculoviruses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 358
Chapter 36: Viruses Of Invertebrates ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 368
SECTION 10: HOST DEFENSES AGAINST VIRUS INFECTION -------------------------------------------- 384
Chapter 37: Innate Immune Responses Against Virus Infection --------------------------------------------- 384
Chapter 38: Adaptive Immune Responses To Virus Infection ------------------------------------------------ 393
SECTION 11: MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF VIROLOGY --------------------------------------------------- 403
Chapter 39: Antiviral Vaccines ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 403
Chapter 40: Antiviral Chemotherapy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 413
Chapter 41: Oncolytic Viruses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 423
Chapter 42: Virus‐Mediated Gene Therapy ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 440
,SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY
Chapter 1: Introduction To Virology
Christopher D. Richardson: Fundamentals Of Molecular Virology 3rd Edition, (2025) Test Bank
QUESTION TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What Distinguishes A Virus From All Other Microorganisms?
A) Ability To Reproduce Independently
B) Presence Of A Nucleus
C) Dependence On Host Cell Machinery For Replication
D) Ability To Metabolize Nutrients
E) Double-Stranded DNA Genome
ANS: C
Viruses Are Obligate Intracellular Parasites—They Lack The Metabolic Machinery
Needed For Self-Replication And Must Hijack A Host Cell’s Processes To Reproduce.
2. Which Component Is Not Present In All Viruses?
A) Nucleic Acid
B) Protein Capsid
C) Lipid Envelope
D) Genetic Information
E) None Of The Above
ANS: C
All Viruses Have Genetic Material And A Protein Capsid, But Not All Have A Lipid
Envelope. Envelopes Are Acquired From Host Membranes And Are Present Only In
Enveloped Viruses.
3. The Smallest Known Viruses Are Approximately What Size?
,A) 1 Μm
B) 300 Nm
C) 20 Nm
D) 1000 Nm
E) 5 Μm
ANS: C
The Smallest Viruses, Such As Parvoviruses, Can Be As Small As 20 Nm In Diameter—
Far Smaller Than Most Bacteria.
4. The Baltimore Classification System Is Based On:
A) Host Range
B) Capsid Shape
C) Genome Type And Replication Strategy
D) Envelope Presence
E) Disease Symptoms
ANS: C
The Baltimore System Groups Viruses Into Seven Classes Based On The Type Of
Nucleic Acid They Carry And How They Replicate And Produce MRNA.
5. Which Class Of Viruses Must Carry Their Own RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase?
A) Double-Stranded DNA Viruses
B) Single-Stranded (+) RNA Viruses
C) Retroviruses
D) Double-Stranded RNA Viruses
E) Satellite Viruses
ANS: D
DsRNA Viruses Must Carry RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Because Host Cells Do
Not Have Enzymes To Transcribe DsRNA Into MRNA.
,6. Which Of The Following Statements Best Defines A Virion?
A) The Genome Of A Virus
B) A Virus That Has Infected A Host
C) The Complete, Infectious Virus Particle
D) A Non-Infectious Viral Fragment
E) The RNA Segment Of A Virus
ANS: C
A Virion Is The Fully Assembled, Infectious Form Of A Virus Outside A Host Cell,
Typically Including The Genome, Capsid, And Sometimes Envelope.
7. Viral Envelopes Are Derived From Which Of The Following?
A) Viral Ribosomes
B) Host Cell Membranes
C) Bacterial Capsules
D) Viral DNA
E) Host Cytoplasm
ANS: B
Enveloped Viruses Acquire Their Lipid Membranes From Host Cell Membranes During
Budding (Either Plasma Or Organelle Membranes).
8. The Term "Nucleocapsid" Refers To:
A) Viral DNA Only
B) Capsid And Envelope
C) Capsid Proteins Only
D) Genome Plus Capsid
E) RNA Plus Envelope
ANS: D
, The Nucleocapsid Is The Viral Genome (RNA Or DNA) Enclosed In A Protective
Protein Shell Called The Capsid.
9. Which Of The Following Methods Is Not Commonly Used For Studying Viruses?
A) Plaque Assays
B) Cell Culture
C) Electron Microscopy
D) Streak Plating On Agar
E) Molecular Cloning
ANS: D
Viruses Do Not Grow On Agar Plates Because They Require Living Host Cells For
Replication, Unlike Bacteria.
10. Which Scientist Is Credited With Discovering The First Virus?
A) Edward Jenner
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Dmitri Ivanovsky
D) Robert Koch
E) Alexander Fleming
ANS: C
In 1892, Ivanovsky Demonstrated That Extracts From Diseased Tobacco Plants Could
Still Cause Disease After Filtration, Leading To The Discovery Of The Tobacco Mosaic
Virus.
11. Why Are Viruses Considered Acellular?
A) They Contain Only RNA
B) They Lack Cytoplasm And Organelles
C) They Are Always Extracellular
D) They Have No Effect On Living Cells
