D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a8cdja
1. Which type of ge- Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if the affected
netic disease af- chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
fects males more
frequently than fe-
males?
2. In which two con- Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are
ditions are chromo- the leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
somal abnormalities
the leading known
cause?
3. What are three ex- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic
amples of prenatal testing (PGT) are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are performed
diagnostic studies? in vitro. CVS is a form of genetic testing that provides genetic information
found in utero and is usually performed between weeks 11 and 14 of
pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form of genetic testing that evaluates am-
niotic fluid and is usually performed during the second trimester, between
weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is performed on the embryo prior to
implantation.
4. Which genetic disor- Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA
der is characterized deletion. This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected by
by the presence of the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low
a zygote having one birth-weight baby with a piercing cry.
chromosome with a
normal complement
of genes and one
chromosome with a
missing gene?
, D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a8cdja
5. How can an X-linked The disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
recessive disease
skip generations? Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may
provide an unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may
not show signs of the disease because she has the other X (the only X the
father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
6. Which type of risk Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
is referred to as the
ratio of the disease
rate among the en-
tire population to the
disease rate in an un-
exposed population?
7. What are the em- Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases. Obser-
pirical risks for vation and evaluation of each case individually provides the most thorough
most multifactorial and accurate assessment.
diseases based on?
8. What refers to the The imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
silenced gene of a
gene pair.
9. What is the prima- The underlying chronic illness exists.
ry reason that some A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the
older adults have im- body's reserves to fight against illness.
paired inflammation
and wound healing?
10. Which cells are the Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
body's primary de-
, D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a8cdja
fense against para-
site invasion?
11. What Phagocytes Macrophages work by eating or phagocytosing bacteria.
bacteria?
12. What is the first re- Helper T cells
sponse to a foreign
pathogen?
13. Which characteris- Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize something
tic is the most foreign.
important determi-
nant of immuno-
genicity when con-
sidering the antigen?
14. How are ery- The complement pathway is activated in response to blood incompatibility.
throcytes destroyed
when mismatched
blood is adminis-
tered, causing an
ABO incompatibility?
15. What is the hyper- An immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic dermatitis.
sensitivity reaction
that causes atopic
dermatitis?
16. Which four infec- Infection with a fungus is called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g.,
tions are considered tineas, which refers to several skin mycoses, including ringworm and ath-
fungal infections? lete's foot) and yeasts, which include candida and aspergillus.
, D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a8cdja
17. When is the earliest Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after sexual transmission,
after sexual trans- whereas HIV antibody testing may take 23 to 90 days to result in a positive
mission of HIV that test. Repeat testing may be needed to rule out a false negative test due to
lab results can detect testing too soon after exposure, especially if a high likelihood of exposure is
infection? suspected.
18. What is a characteris- Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
tic of exotoxins?
19. Which dietary The results of decreased fat consumption have been widely studied and have
lifestyle choice has demonstrated a decreased risk of developing colon cancer.
been associated with
a decreased risk
for developing colon
cancer?
20. Which cancer is an Asbestos exposure results in an increased risk of lung and lung lining cancer.
individual who has
worked with as-
bestos for over 40
years most likely to
develop?
21. Which statement is UV light causes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma when the
true regarding ultra- UVB rays hit DNA strands, causing thymine base pairs that are side by side
violet (UV) light? to pair together, becoming thymine dimers. These thymine dimers lead to
The degree of dam- cell death or cancer.
age is not affected
by the light's wave-
length.
22. Exercise-induced myokines cause apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Nurse
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a8cdja
1. Which type of ge- Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if the affected
netic disease af- chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
fects males more
frequently than fe-
males?
2. In which two con- Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are
ditions are chromo- the leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
somal abnormalities
the leading known
cause?
3. What are three ex- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic
amples of prenatal testing (PGT) are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are performed
diagnostic studies? in vitro. CVS is a form of genetic testing that provides genetic information
found in utero and is usually performed between weeks 11 and 14 of
pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form of genetic testing that evaluates am-
niotic fluid and is usually performed during the second trimester, between
weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is performed on the embryo prior to
implantation.
4. Which genetic disor- Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA
der is characterized deletion. This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected by
by the presence of the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low
a zygote having one birth-weight baby with a piercing cry.
chromosome with a
normal complement
of genes and one
chromosome with a
missing gene?
, D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a8cdja
5. How can an X-linked The disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
recessive disease
skip generations? Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may
provide an unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may
not show signs of the disease because she has the other X (the only X the
father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
6. Which type of risk Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
is referred to as the
ratio of the disease
rate among the en-
tire population to the
disease rate in an un-
exposed population?
7. What are the em- Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial diseases. Obser-
pirical risks for vation and evaluation of each case individually provides the most thorough
most multifactorial and accurate assessment.
diseases based on?
8. What refers to the The imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
silenced gene of a
gene pair.
9. What is the prima- The underlying chronic illness exists.
ry reason that some A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the
older adults have im- body's reserves to fight against illness.
paired inflammation
and wound healing?
10. Which cells are the Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
body's primary de-
, D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a8cdja
fense against para-
site invasion?
11. What Phagocytes Macrophages work by eating or phagocytosing bacteria.
bacteria?
12. What is the first re- Helper T cells
sponse to a foreign
pathogen?
13. Which characteris- Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize something
tic is the most foreign.
important determi-
nant of immuno-
genicity when con-
sidering the antigen?
14. How are ery- The complement pathway is activated in response to blood incompatibility.
throcytes destroyed
when mismatched
blood is adminis-
tered, causing an
ABO incompatibility?
15. What is the hyper- An immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic dermatitis.
sensitivity reaction
that causes atopic
dermatitis?
16. Which four infec- Infection with a fungus is called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g.,
tions are considered tineas, which refers to several skin mycoses, including ringworm and ath-
fungal infections? lete's foot) and yeasts, which include candida and aspergillus.
, D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a8cdja
17. When is the earliest Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after sexual transmission,
after sexual trans- whereas HIV antibody testing may take 23 to 90 days to result in a positive
mission of HIV that test. Repeat testing may be needed to rule out a false negative test due to
lab results can detect testing too soon after exposure, especially if a high likelihood of exposure is
infection? suspected.
18. What is a characteris- Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
tic of exotoxins?
19. Which dietary The results of decreased fat consumption have been widely studied and have
lifestyle choice has demonstrated a decreased risk of developing colon cancer.
been associated with
a decreased risk
for developing colon
cancer?
20. Which cancer is an Asbestos exposure results in an increased risk of lung and lung lining cancer.
individual who has
worked with as-
bestos for over 40
years most likely to
develop?
21. Which statement is UV light causes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma when the
true regarding ultra- UVB rays hit DNA strands, causing thymine base pairs that are side by side
violet (UV) light? to pair together, becoming thymine dimers. These thymine dimers lead to
The degree of dam- cell death or cancer.
age is not affected
by the light's wave-
length.
22. Exercise-induced myokines cause apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
