D443 NURS 3116
Health Assessment
Final Assessment Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
, I. Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1
Case Scenario: A 3‑day‑old preterm neonate in the NICU displays signs
of distress with grunting, nasal flaring, and subcostal retractions. On
auscultation, you note diminished air entry bilaterally and fine crackles.
Question: Which finding best supports the diagnosis of neonatal
respiratory distress syndrome due to surfactant deficiency?
- A) Diffuse wheezing on expiration
- B) Fine crackles with decreased air entry
- C) Unilateral bronchial breath sounds
- D) Inspiratory stridor
Correct ANS: B
Rationale: Surfactant deficiency in preterm infants leads to alveolar
collapse, which is typically manifested by fine crackles and diminished air
entry. Wheezing or stridor point toward other airway pathologies.
---
Question 2
Case Scenario: During a pediatric physical examination of a 4‑year‑old
boy, you note that his heart rate is significantly higher and his respiratory
rate is faster than the adult normal range.
Question: Which developmental factor best explains these differences
compared to adults?
- A) Reduced metabolic rate in children
- B) Increased metabolic rate in children
- C) Underdeveloped central nervous system
- D) Immature renal function
Correct ANS: B
Rationale: Children have a higher metabolic rate than adults, which
2
, contributes to naturally higher heart and respiratory rates. This is a
normal developmental difference that should be recognized during
assessment.
---
Question 3
Case Scenario: A 16‑year‑old adolescent presents for a routine health
examination. You note that his growth parameters and developmental
milestones are appropriate; however, he mentions difficulty
concentrating in school and mood swings.
Question: Which aspect of a comprehensive health assessment is most
important to further evaluate his concerns?
- A) Detailed cardiovascular examination
- B) A mental health and psychosocial assessment
- C) A gastrointestinal review of symptoms
- D) An in-depth musculoskeletal evaluation
Correct ANS: B
Rationale: Adolescence is a period of significant psychosocial change;
concerns such as difficulty concentrating and mood changes warrant a
thorough mental health and psychosocial assessment as part of the
comprehensive evaluation.
---
Question 4
Case Scenario: A 45‑year‑old male presents with intermittent chest
discomfort. During your cardiovascular examination, you auscultate a
systolic ejection murmur best heard in the right second intercostal space
that radiates to the carotids.
Question: Which condition is most consistent with these cardiovascular
findings?
- A) Aortic stenosis
- B) Mitral regurgitation
3
Health Assessment
Final Assessment Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
, I. Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1
Case Scenario: A 3‑day‑old preterm neonate in the NICU displays signs
of distress with grunting, nasal flaring, and subcostal retractions. On
auscultation, you note diminished air entry bilaterally and fine crackles.
Question: Which finding best supports the diagnosis of neonatal
respiratory distress syndrome due to surfactant deficiency?
- A) Diffuse wheezing on expiration
- B) Fine crackles with decreased air entry
- C) Unilateral bronchial breath sounds
- D) Inspiratory stridor
Correct ANS: B
Rationale: Surfactant deficiency in preterm infants leads to alveolar
collapse, which is typically manifested by fine crackles and diminished air
entry. Wheezing or stridor point toward other airway pathologies.
---
Question 2
Case Scenario: During a pediatric physical examination of a 4‑year‑old
boy, you note that his heart rate is significantly higher and his respiratory
rate is faster than the adult normal range.
Question: Which developmental factor best explains these differences
compared to adults?
- A) Reduced metabolic rate in children
- B) Increased metabolic rate in children
- C) Underdeveloped central nervous system
- D) Immature renal function
Correct ANS: B
Rationale: Children have a higher metabolic rate than adults, which
2
, contributes to naturally higher heart and respiratory rates. This is a
normal developmental difference that should be recognized during
assessment.
---
Question 3
Case Scenario: A 16‑year‑old adolescent presents for a routine health
examination. You note that his growth parameters and developmental
milestones are appropriate; however, he mentions difficulty
concentrating in school and mood swings.
Question: Which aspect of a comprehensive health assessment is most
important to further evaluate his concerns?
- A) Detailed cardiovascular examination
- B) A mental health and psychosocial assessment
- C) A gastrointestinal review of symptoms
- D) An in-depth musculoskeletal evaluation
Correct ANS: B
Rationale: Adolescence is a period of significant psychosocial change;
concerns such as difficulty concentrating and mood changes warrant a
thorough mental health and psychosocial assessment as part of the
comprehensive evaluation.
---
Question 4
Case Scenario: A 45‑year‑old male presents with intermittent chest
discomfort. During your cardiovascular examination, you auscultate a
systolic ejection murmur best heard in the right second intercostal space
that radiates to the carotids.
Question: Which condition is most consistent with these cardiovascular
findings?
- A) Aortic stenosis
- B) Mitral regurgitation
3
