BCHM 4360 Exam 1 Questions With Correct Answers

BCHM 4360 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
Genetic |information |is |packaged |into |at |least |one |very |long |DNA |molecule |-- |a |__________. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chromosome



Each |chromosome |contains |___ |double-stranded |DNA |molecule |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-one



Each |chromosome |has |many |_____ |and |other |regions |of |DNA |within |a |single |molecule. |
Regions |between |genes |are |__________. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-genes, |intergenic



Eukaryotes |have |______ |chromosomes, |most |bacteria |and |archaea |have |________ |
chromosomes. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-linear, |circular



____ |complex |organisms |tend |to |have |more |_______ |arranged |genes. |Example |is |_____. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-less, |densely, |yeast



Humans |have |__ |chromosomes |while |the |kingfisher |has |___ |and |fission |yeast |have |_. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-46, |132, |6



Ploidy |refers |to |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-how |many |sets |of |identical |chromosomes |an |
organism |has



What |is |ploidy |of |humans |and |human |sex |cells? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-diploid, |haploid



Each |individual |chromosome |is |__________ |between |the |mother |and |the |father. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-homologous

,_________ |cells |have |multiple |sets |of |chromosomes |and |are |common |in |some |plants. |
However, |some |human |cells |such |as |_____ |cells |are |also |_________. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Polyploid, |liver, |polyploid



Eukaryotic |cells |can |have |__________ |DNA |to |the |chromosomal |DNA |found |in |the |_______. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-additional, |nucleus



____________ |have |their |own, |usually |________, |chromosomes. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Mitochondria, |circular



____________ |also |have |their |own |chromosomes. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Chloroplasts



____________ |and |____________ |are |thought |to |have |derived |from |ancestral |free-living |
bacteria |that |were |absorbed |and |maintained |by |other |single-celled |organisms. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Mitochondria, |chloroplasts



Bacterial |cells |often |have |additional |DNA |within |their |cells |-- |small |circular |molecules |known |
as |________. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-plasmids



Viruses |are |infectious |agents |and |carry |genetic |information |as |small |___ |or |___ |chromosomes.
|These |chromosomes |can |be |______ |or |_______, |and |______ |or |______ |stranded. |- |CORRECT |


ANSWER✔✔-DNA, |RNA, |linear, |circular, |double, |single



Chromosomes |must |be |______ |and |___________ |to |the |next |generation |of |cells |faithfully. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-copied, |transferred



Cells |must |copy |DNA |and |separate |the |chromosomes |______ |they |can |divide. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-before

,In |somatic |cells, |the |sequence |of |events |of |cell |division |is |called |what? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-the |cell |cycle



The |chromosome |cycle |is |___________ |with |the |cell |cycle. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
coordinated



What |are |the |four |main |phases |to |the |cell |cycle? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-G1, |S, |G2, |M



Describe |what |happens |in |G1. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cells |grow |to |a |minimum |size |required |
for |the |next |stage



Describe |what |happens |in |S. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA |is |copied, |duplicating |the |
chromosomes. |The |two |sister |chromatids |remain |associated |with |one |another.



Describe |what |happens |in |G2. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |cell |prepares |for |mitosis



Describe |what |happens |in |M. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sister |chromatids |are |separated |and |a |
full |set |of |chromosomes |is |moved |to |each |pole |of |the |cell.



On |entry |to |which |cell |cycle |phase |does |the |nuclear |envelope |break |down? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-M



In |condensed |chromosomes, |DNA |appears |as |large |_____ |anchored |near |the |middle |of |the |
chromosome. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-loops



Chromosomes |consist |of |___ |plus |__________ |proteins |that |help |condense |the |DNA |into |a |
smaller |space |and |_______ |the |genome. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA, |packaging, |protect

, The |DNA-protein |complex |that |makes |up |chromosomes |is |called |_________. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-chromatin



What |occurs |in |the |first |packing |stage |of |the |chromatin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Small |
positively-charged |proteins |bind |to |counteract |the |negative |charges |on |DNA |backbone



In |bacteria, |the |first |packing |stage |of |chromatin |_____ |the |DNA |forming |the |_________, |and |
the |bending |induces |____________. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-bends, |nucleoid, |supercoiling



In |eukaryotes, |the |basic |binding |proteins |are |called |________. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
histones



How |many |core |histones |are |there |and |what |are |they |called? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-4, |H2A,
|H2B, |H3, |H4




Which |two |amino |acids |are |histones |rich |in |and |why? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-lysine |and |
arginine |due |to |positive |charges



DNA |wraps |around |a |histone |complex |in |a |____-handed |manner |to |form |a |__________. |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-left, |nucleosome



Which |two |histone |dimers |associate |with |DNA |first? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-H3, |H4



Which |two |histone |dimers |associate |last |to |form |the |octamer? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-H2A, |
H2B



About |how |many |base |pairs |of |DNA |wrap |around |the |histone |octamer |to |form |the |
nucleosome? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-146