Introduction, Measurement, Estimating 1-1
whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,theirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**
:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,composition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspend
edwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,ribosomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondria,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgi
apparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularproc
esses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellularcomponentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.*
*CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps,carrierproteins,endocytosis,exocytosis.**BulkTransport**:Phagoc
ytosis,pinocytosis.**CellCommunication**:Overviewofcellularcommunicationprocesses,including:**ReceptorProteins**:Recognitionofsignalingmolecules(ligands).**SignalTransduction**:Transmissionofsignalswithincells
(e.g.,secondmessengers).**CellSignalingPathways**:Examplesofsignalingpathways(e.g.,hormonesignaling,neurotransmission).**CellCycleandCellDivision**:Phasesofthecellcycle(interphase,mitosis,cytokinesis)andtheirreg
ulation.Importanceofcelldivisioningrowth,repair,andreproduction.**CancerandCellRegulation**:Introductiontocancerasuncontrolledcellgrowthanddivision.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors),mechanismsoftum
orformation,andapproachestocancertreatment.**StemCellsandRegenerativeMedicine**:Overviewofstemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent),andpotentialapplicationsinregenerativemedicineandresearch.**Microscopy
andCellVisualization**:Techniquesandtypesofmicroscopyusedtostudycells,includinglightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,andfluorescencemicroscopy.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofke
yconceptsrelatedtocellstructure,function,andorganization,reinforcingunderstandingofcellularbiologyfundamentals.Chapter4providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthestructureandfunctionsofcells,highlightingtheircomplexityan
dorganizationatthemicroscopiclevel.Itservesasafoundationalchapterinunderstandinghowcellularstructuresandprocessescontributetothefunctioningoforganismsandecosystems.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsor
wouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter4,feelfreetoask!Chapter5Chapter5of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheDynamicCell,"typicallyexploresthedynamicproces
sesandactivitiesthatoccurwithincells.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularDynamics**:Definitionofcellulardynamicsandanoverviewofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellstomainta
inlifeandrespondtoenvironmentalchanges
INSTRUCTOR
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
VOLUME 1
DOUGLAS C. GIANCOLI’S
PHYSICS
PRINCIPLES WITH
APPLICATIONS
7TH EDITION
BOB DAVIS
TAYLOR UNIVERSITY
J. ERIK HENDRICKSON
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN – EAU CLAIRE
, 1-2
ISBN 10: 0-321-74768-2
ISBN 13: 978-0-321-74768-6
whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,theirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**
:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,composition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspend
edwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,ribosomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondria,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgi
apparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularproc
esses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellularcomponentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.*
*CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps,carrierproteins,endocytosis,exocytosis.**BulkTransport**:Phagoc
ytosis,pinocytosis.**CellCommunication**:Overviewofcellularcommunicationprocesses,including:**ReceptorProteins**:Recognitionofsignalingmolecules(ligands).**SignalTransduction**:Transmissionofsignalswithincells
(e.g.,secondmessengers).**CellSignalingPathways**:Examplesofsignalingpathways(e.g.,hormonesignaling,neurotransmission).**CellCycleandCellDivision**:Phasesofthecellcycle(interphase,mitosis,cytokinesis)andtheirreg
ulation.Importanceofcelldivisioningrowth,repair,andreproduction.**CancerandCellRegulation**:Introductiontocancerasuncontrolledcellgrowthanddivision.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors),mechanismsoftum
orformation,andapproachestocancertreatment.**StemCellsandRegenerativeMedicine**:Overviewofstemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent),andpotentialapplicationsinregenerativemedicineandresearch.**Microscopy
andCellVisualization**:Techniquesandtypesofmicroscopyusedtostudycells,includinglightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,andfluorescencemicroscopy.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofke
yconceptsrelatedtocellstructure,function,andorganization,reinforcingunderstandingofcellularbiologyfundamentals.Chapter4providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthestructureandfunctionsofcells,highlightingtheircomplexityan
dorganizationatthemicroscopiclevel.Itservesasafoundationalchapterinunderstandinghowcellularstructuresandprocessescontributetothefunctioningoforganismsandecosystems.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsor
wouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter4,feelfreetoask!Chapter5Chapter5of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheDynamicCell,"typicallyexploresthedynamicproces
sesandactivitiesthatoccurwithincells.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularDynamics**:Definitionofcellulardynamicsandanoverviewofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellstomainta
inlifeandrespondtoenvironmentalchanges
CONTENTS
PREFACE iv
Chapter 1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating -------------------------------------- 1-1
Chapter 2 Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension ------------------------- 2-1
Chapter 3 Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors------------------------------------- 3-1
Chapter 4 Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion ---------------------------------------- 4-1
Chapter 5 Circular Motion; Gravitation --------------------------------------------------- 5-1
Chapter 6 Work and Energy 6-1
Chapter 7 Linear Momentum 7-1
Chapter 8 Rotational Motion 8-1
Chapter 9 Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture ----------------------------------- 9-1
Chapter 10 Fluids 10-1
Chapter 11 Oscillations and Waves 11-1
Chapter 12 Sound 12-1
Chapter 13 Temperature and Kinetic Theory --------------------------------------------- 13-1
Chapter 14 Heat 14-1
Chapter 15 The Laws of Thermodynamics ------------------------------------------------ 15-1
Chapter 16 Electric Charge and Electric Field -------------------------------------------- 16-1
Chapter 17 Electric Potential 17-1
Chapter 18 Electric Currents 18-1
Chapter 19 DC Circuits 19-1
Chapter 20 Magnetism 20-1
Chapter 21 Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday’s Law ----------------------------- 21-1
Chapter 22 Electromagnetic Waves 22-1
Chapter 23 Light: Geometric Optics ------------------------------------------------------- 23-1
© Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
, Introduction, Measurement, Estimating 1-3
Chapter 24 The Wave Nature of Light ----------------------------------------------------- 24-1
Chapter 25 Optical Instruments 25-1
Chapter 26 The Special Theory of Relativity --------------------------------------------- 26-1
Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom -------------------------- 27-1
Chapter 28 Quantum Mechanics of Atoms------------------------------------------------ 28-1
Chapter 29 Molecules and Solids 29-1
Chapter 30 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity ------------------------------------------- 30-1
Chapter 31 Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation ---------------------------- 31-1
Chapter 32 Elementary Particles 32-1
Chapter 33 Astrophysics and Cosmology ------------------------------------------------- 33-1
whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,theirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**
:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,composition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspend
edwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,ribosomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondria,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgi
apparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularproc
esses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellularcomponentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.*
*CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps,carrierproteins,endocytosis,exocytosis.**BulkTransport**:Phagoc
ytosis,pinocytosis.**CellCommunication**:Overviewofcellularcommunicationprocesses,including:**ReceptorProteins**:Recognitionofsignalingmolecules(ligands).**SignalTransduction**:Transmissionofsignalswithincells
(e.g.,secondmessengers).**CellSignalingPathways**:Examplesofsignalingpathways(e.g.,hormonesignaling,neurotransmission).**CellCycleandCellDivision**:Phasesofthecellcycle(interphase,mitosis,cytokinesis)andtheirreg
ulation.Importanceofcelldivisioningrowth,repair,andreproduction.**CancerandCellRegulation**:Introductiontocancerasuncontrolledcellgrowthanddivision.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors),mechanismsoftum
orformation,andapproachestocancertreatment.**StemCellsandRegenerativeMedicine**:Overviewofstemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent),andpotentialapplicationsinregenerativemedicineandresearch.**Microscopy
andCellVisualization**:Techniquesandtypesofmicroscopyusedtostudycells,includinglightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,andfluorescencemicroscopy.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofke
yconceptsrelatedtocellstructure,function,andorganization,reinforcingunderstandingofcellularbiologyfundamentals.Chapter4providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthestructureandfunctionsofcells,highlightingtheircomplexityan
dorganizationatthemicroscopiclevel.Itservesasafoundationalchapterinunderstandinghowcellularstructuresandprocessescontributetothefunctioningoforganismsandecosystems.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsor
wouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter4,feelfreetoask!Chapter5Chapter5of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheDynamicCell,"typicallyexploresthedynamicproces
sesandactivitiesthatoccurwithincells.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularDynamics**:Definitionofcellulardynamicsandanoverviewofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellstomainta
inlifeandrespondtoenvironmentalchanges
PREFACE
This Instructor’s Solutions Manual provides answers and worked-out solutions to all end of chapter
questions and problems from chapters 1 – 15 of Physics: Principles with Applications, 7th Edition, by
Douglas C. Giancoli. At the end of the manual are grids that correlate the 6th edition questions and problems
to the 7th edition questions and problems.
We formulated the solutions so that they are, in most cases, useful both for the student and the instructor.
Accordingly, some solutions may seem to have more algebra than necessary for the instructor. Other solutions
may seem to take bigger steps than a student would normally take: e.g. simply quoting the solutions from a
quadratic equation instead of explicitly solving for them. There has been an emphasis on algebraic solutions,
with the substitution of values given as a very last step in most cases. We feel that this helps to keep the
physics of the problem foremost in the solution, rather than the numeric evaluation.
Much effort has been put into having clear problem statements, reasonable values, pedagogically sound
solutions, and accurate answers/solutions for all of the questions and problems. Working with us was a team
of five additional solvers – Karim Diff (Santa Fe College), Thomas Hemmick (Stony Brook University),
Lauren Novatne (Reedley College), Michael Ottinger (Missouri Western State University), and Trina
VanAusdal (Salt Lake Community College). Between the seven solvers we had four complete solutions for
every question and problem. From those solutions we uncovered questions about the wording of the problems,
style of the possible solutions, reasonableness of the values and framework of the questions and problems, and
then consulted with one another and Doug Giancoli until we reached what we feel is both a good statement
and a good solution for each question and problem in the text.
Many people have been involved in the production of this manual. We especially thank Doug Giancoli for
his helpful conversations. Karen Karlin at Prentice Hall has been helpful, encouraging, and patient as we have
turned our thoughts into a manual. Michael Ottinger provided solutions for every chapter, and helped in
the preparation of the final solutions for some of the questions and problems. And the solutions from
, 1-4
Karim Diff, Thomas Hemmick, Lauren Novatne, and Trina VanAusdal were often thought-provoking and
always appreciated.
Even with all the assistance we have had, the final responsibility for the content of this manual is ours. We
would appreciate being notified via e-mail of any errors that are discovered. We hope that you will find this
presentation of answers and solutions useful.
Bob Davis ()
Upland, IN
J. Erik Hendrickson ()
Eau Claire, WI
INTRODUCTION, MEASUREMENT, ESTIMATING
1
whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,theirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**
:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,composition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspend
edwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,ribosomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondria,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgi
apparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularproc
esses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellularcomponentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.*
*CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps,carrierproteins,endocytosis,exocytosis.**BulkTransport**:Phagoc
ytosis,pinocytosis.**CellCommunication**:Overviewofcellularcommunicationprocesses,including:**ReceptorProteins**:Recognitionofsignalingmolecules(ligands).**SignalTransduction**:Transmissionofsignalswithincells
(e.g.,secondmessengers).**CellSignalingPathways**:Examplesofsignalingpathways(e.g.,hormonesignaling,neurotransmission).**CellCycleandCellDivision**:Phasesofthecellcycle(interphase,mitosis,cytokinesis)andtheirreg
ulation.Importanceofcelldivisioningrowth,repair,andreproduction.**CancerandCellRegulation**:Introductiontocancerasuncontrolledcellgrowthanddivision.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors),mechanismsoftum
orformation,andapproachestocancertreatment.**StemCellsandRegenerativeMedicine**:Overviewofstemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent),andpotentialapplicationsinregenerativemedicineandresearch.**Microscopy
andCellVisualization**:Techniquesandtypesofmicroscopyusedtostudycells,includinglightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,andfluorescencemicroscopy.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofke
yconceptsrelatedtocellstructure,function,andorganization,reinforcingunderstandingofcellularbiologyfundamentals.Chapter4providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthestructureandfunctionsofcells,highlightingtheircomplexityan
dorganizationatthemicroscopiclevel.Itservesasafoundationalchapterinunderstandinghowcellularstructuresandprocessescontributetothefunctioningoforganismsandecosystems.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsor
wouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter4,feelfreetoask!Chapter5Chapter5of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheDynamicCell,"typicallyexploresthedynamicproces
sesandactivitiesthatoccurwithincells.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularDynamics**:Definitionofcellulardynamicsandanoverviewofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellstomainta
inlifeandrespondtoenvironmentalchanges
Responses to Questions
1. (a) A particular person’s foot. Merits: reproducible. Drawbacks: not accessible to the general public;
not invariable (size changes with age, time of day, etc.); not indestructible.
(b) Any person’s foot. Merits: accessible. Drawbacks: not reproducible (different people have
different size feet); not invariable (size changes with age, time of day, etc.); not indestructible.
Neither of these options would make a good standard.
2. The distance in miles is given to one significant figure, and the distance in kilometers is given to five
significant figures! The value in kilometers indicates more precision than really exists or than is
meaningful. The last digit represents a distance on the same order of magnitude as a car’s length!
The sign should perhaps read ―7.0 mi (11 km),‖ where each value has the same number of
significant figures, or ―7 mi (11 km),‖ where each value has about the same % uncertainty.
3. The number of digits you present in your answer should represent the precision with which you
© Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,theirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**
:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,composition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspend
edwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,ribosomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondria,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgi
apparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularproc
esses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellularcomponentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.*
*CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps,carrierproteins,endocytosis,exocytosis.**BulkTransport**:Phagoc
ytosis,pinocytosis.**CellCommunication**:Overviewofcellularcommunicationprocesses,including:**ReceptorProteins**:Recognitionofsignalingmolecules(ligands).**SignalTransduction**:Transmissionofsignalswithincells
(e.g.,secondmessengers).**CellSignalingPathways**:Examplesofsignalingpathways(e.g.,hormonesignaling,neurotransmission).**CellCycleandCellDivision**:Phasesofthecellcycle(interphase,mitosis,cytokinesis)andtheirreg
ulation.Importanceofcelldivisioningrowth,repair,andreproduction.**CancerandCellRegulation**:Introductiontocancerasuncontrolledcellgrowthanddivision.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors),mechanismsoftum
orformation,andapproachestocancertreatment.**StemCellsandRegenerativeMedicine**:Overviewofstemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent),andpotentialapplicationsinregenerativemedicineandresearch.**Microscopy
andCellVisualization**:Techniquesandtypesofmicroscopyusedtostudycells,includinglightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,andfluorescencemicroscopy.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofke
yconceptsrelatedtocellstructure,function,andorganization,reinforcingunderstandingofcellularbiologyfundamentals.Chapter4providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthestructureandfunctionsofcells,highlightingtheircomplexityan
dorganizationatthemicroscopiclevel.Itservesasafoundationalchapterinunderstandinghowcellularstructuresandprocessescontributetothefunctioningoforganismsandecosystems.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsor
wouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter4,feelfreetoask!Chapter5Chapter5of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheDynamicCell,"typicallyexploresthedynamicproces
sesandactivitiesthatoccurwithincells.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularDynamics**:Definitionofcellulardynamicsandanoverviewofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellstomainta
inlifeandrespondtoenvironmentalchanges
INSTRUCTOR
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
VOLUME 1
DOUGLAS C. GIANCOLI’S
PHYSICS
PRINCIPLES WITH
APPLICATIONS
7TH EDITION
BOB DAVIS
TAYLOR UNIVERSITY
J. ERIK HENDRICKSON
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN – EAU CLAIRE
, 1-2
ISBN 10: 0-321-74768-2
ISBN 13: 978-0-321-74768-6
whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,theirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**
:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,composition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspend
edwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,ribosomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondria,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgi
apparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularproc
esses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellularcomponentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.*
*CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps,carrierproteins,endocytosis,exocytosis.**BulkTransport**:Phagoc
ytosis,pinocytosis.**CellCommunication**:Overviewofcellularcommunicationprocesses,including:**ReceptorProteins**:Recognitionofsignalingmolecules(ligands).**SignalTransduction**:Transmissionofsignalswithincells
(e.g.,secondmessengers).**CellSignalingPathways**:Examplesofsignalingpathways(e.g.,hormonesignaling,neurotransmission).**CellCycleandCellDivision**:Phasesofthecellcycle(interphase,mitosis,cytokinesis)andtheirreg
ulation.Importanceofcelldivisioningrowth,repair,andreproduction.**CancerandCellRegulation**:Introductiontocancerasuncontrolledcellgrowthanddivision.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors),mechanismsoftum
orformation,andapproachestocancertreatment.**StemCellsandRegenerativeMedicine**:Overviewofstemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent),andpotentialapplicationsinregenerativemedicineandresearch.**Microscopy
andCellVisualization**:Techniquesandtypesofmicroscopyusedtostudycells,includinglightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,andfluorescencemicroscopy.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofke
yconceptsrelatedtocellstructure,function,andorganization,reinforcingunderstandingofcellularbiologyfundamentals.Chapter4providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthestructureandfunctionsofcells,highlightingtheircomplexityan
dorganizationatthemicroscopiclevel.Itservesasafoundationalchapterinunderstandinghowcellularstructuresandprocessescontributetothefunctioningoforganismsandecosystems.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsor
wouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter4,feelfreetoask!Chapter5Chapter5of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheDynamicCell,"typicallyexploresthedynamicproces
sesandactivitiesthatoccurwithincells.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularDynamics**:Definitionofcellulardynamicsandanoverviewofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellstomainta
inlifeandrespondtoenvironmentalchanges
CONTENTS
PREFACE iv
Chapter 1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating -------------------------------------- 1-1
Chapter 2 Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension ------------------------- 2-1
Chapter 3 Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors------------------------------------- 3-1
Chapter 4 Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion ---------------------------------------- 4-1
Chapter 5 Circular Motion; Gravitation --------------------------------------------------- 5-1
Chapter 6 Work and Energy 6-1
Chapter 7 Linear Momentum 7-1
Chapter 8 Rotational Motion 8-1
Chapter 9 Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture ----------------------------------- 9-1
Chapter 10 Fluids 10-1
Chapter 11 Oscillations and Waves 11-1
Chapter 12 Sound 12-1
Chapter 13 Temperature and Kinetic Theory --------------------------------------------- 13-1
Chapter 14 Heat 14-1
Chapter 15 The Laws of Thermodynamics ------------------------------------------------ 15-1
Chapter 16 Electric Charge and Electric Field -------------------------------------------- 16-1
Chapter 17 Electric Potential 17-1
Chapter 18 Electric Currents 18-1
Chapter 19 DC Circuits 19-1
Chapter 20 Magnetism 20-1
Chapter 21 Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday’s Law ----------------------------- 21-1
Chapter 22 Electromagnetic Waves 22-1
Chapter 23 Light: Geometric Optics ------------------------------------------------------- 23-1
© Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
, Introduction, Measurement, Estimating 1-3
Chapter 24 The Wave Nature of Light ----------------------------------------------------- 24-1
Chapter 25 Optical Instruments 25-1
Chapter 26 The Special Theory of Relativity --------------------------------------------- 26-1
Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom -------------------------- 27-1
Chapter 28 Quantum Mechanics of Atoms------------------------------------------------ 28-1
Chapter 29 Molecules and Solids 29-1
Chapter 30 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity ------------------------------------------- 30-1
Chapter 31 Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation ---------------------------- 31-1
Chapter 32 Elementary Particles 32-1
Chapter 33 Astrophysics and Cosmology ------------------------------------------------- 33-1
whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,theirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**
:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,composition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspend
edwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,ribosomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondria,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgi
apparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularproc
esses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellularcomponentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.*
*CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps,carrierproteins,endocytosis,exocytosis.**BulkTransport**:Phagoc
ytosis,pinocytosis.**CellCommunication**:Overviewofcellularcommunicationprocesses,including:**ReceptorProteins**:Recognitionofsignalingmolecules(ligands).**SignalTransduction**:Transmissionofsignalswithincells
(e.g.,secondmessengers).**CellSignalingPathways**:Examplesofsignalingpathways(e.g.,hormonesignaling,neurotransmission).**CellCycleandCellDivision**:Phasesofthecellcycle(interphase,mitosis,cytokinesis)andtheirreg
ulation.Importanceofcelldivisioningrowth,repair,andreproduction.**CancerandCellRegulation**:Introductiontocancerasuncontrolledcellgrowthanddivision.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors),mechanismsoftum
orformation,andapproachestocancertreatment.**StemCellsandRegenerativeMedicine**:Overviewofstemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent),andpotentialapplicationsinregenerativemedicineandresearch.**Microscopy
andCellVisualization**:Techniquesandtypesofmicroscopyusedtostudycells,includinglightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,andfluorescencemicroscopy.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofke
yconceptsrelatedtocellstructure,function,andorganization,reinforcingunderstandingofcellularbiologyfundamentals.Chapter4providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthestructureandfunctionsofcells,highlightingtheircomplexityan
dorganizationatthemicroscopiclevel.Itservesasafoundationalchapterinunderstandinghowcellularstructuresandprocessescontributetothefunctioningoforganismsandecosystems.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsor
wouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter4,feelfreetoask!Chapter5Chapter5of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheDynamicCell,"typicallyexploresthedynamicproces
sesandactivitiesthatoccurwithincells.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularDynamics**:Definitionofcellulardynamicsandanoverviewofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellstomainta
inlifeandrespondtoenvironmentalchanges
PREFACE
This Instructor’s Solutions Manual provides answers and worked-out solutions to all end of chapter
questions and problems from chapters 1 – 15 of Physics: Principles with Applications, 7th Edition, by
Douglas C. Giancoli. At the end of the manual are grids that correlate the 6th edition questions and problems
to the 7th edition questions and problems.
We formulated the solutions so that they are, in most cases, useful both for the student and the instructor.
Accordingly, some solutions may seem to have more algebra than necessary for the instructor. Other solutions
may seem to take bigger steps than a student would normally take: e.g. simply quoting the solutions from a
quadratic equation instead of explicitly solving for them. There has been an emphasis on algebraic solutions,
with the substitution of values given as a very last step in most cases. We feel that this helps to keep the
physics of the problem foremost in the solution, rather than the numeric evaluation.
Much effort has been put into having clear problem statements, reasonable values, pedagogically sound
solutions, and accurate answers/solutions for all of the questions and problems. Working with us was a team
of five additional solvers – Karim Diff (Santa Fe College), Thomas Hemmick (Stony Brook University),
Lauren Novatne (Reedley College), Michael Ottinger (Missouri Western State University), and Trina
VanAusdal (Salt Lake Community College). Between the seven solvers we had four complete solutions for
every question and problem. From those solutions we uncovered questions about the wording of the problems,
style of the possible solutions, reasonableness of the values and framework of the questions and problems, and
then consulted with one another and Doug Giancoli until we reached what we feel is both a good statement
and a good solution for each question and problem in the text.
Many people have been involved in the production of this manual. We especially thank Doug Giancoli for
his helpful conversations. Karen Karlin at Prentice Hall has been helpful, encouraging, and patient as we have
turned our thoughts into a manual. Michael Ottinger provided solutions for every chapter, and helped in
the preparation of the final solutions for some of the questions and problems. And the solutions from
, 1-4
Karim Diff, Thomas Hemmick, Lauren Novatne, and Trina VanAusdal were often thought-provoking and
always appreciated.
Even with all the assistance we have had, the final responsibility for the content of this manual is ours. We
would appreciate being notified via e-mail of any errors that are discovered. We hope that you will find this
presentation of answers and solutions useful.
Bob Davis ()
Upland, IN
J. Erik Hendrickson ()
Eau Claire, WI
INTRODUCTION, MEASUREMENT, ESTIMATING
1
whicharethebasicunitsoflife.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCells**:Definitionofcellsasthefundamentalunitsoflife,theirdiversityinstructureandfunction,andtheCellTheory.**CellStructure**
:Explorationofthestructureoftypicaleukaryoticcells,including:**CellMembrane**:Structure,composition(lipidbilayer,proteins),functionsincelltransport,signaling,andrecognition.**Cytoplasm**:Composition,organellessuspend
edwithin(e.g.,cytoskeleton,ribosomes).**Nucleus**:Structure,functions(DNAstorage,transcription,regulationofcellactivities).**Organelles**:Detailedexaminationoforganellessuchasmitochondria,endoplasmicreticulum,Golgi
apparatus,lysosomes,andtheirrolesincellularprocesses.**ProkaryoticCells**:Comparisonofprokaryoticandeukaryoticcellstructures,emphasizingdifferencesinorganelles,geneticmaterial(nonucleusinprokaryotes),andcellularproc
esses.**CellularOrganizationandFunction**:Integrationofcellularcomponentsandorganellestosupportcellularfunctionssuchasmetabolism,proteinsynthesis,energyproduction(e.g.,ATPsynthesis),andmaintenanceofhomeostasis.*
*CellularTransport**:Mechanismsofcellulartransport,including:**PassiveTransport**:Diffusion,osmosis,facilitateddiffusion.**ActiveTransport**:Ionpumps,carrierproteins,endocytosis,exocytosis.**BulkTransport**:Phagoc
ytosis,pinocytosis.**CellCommunication**:Overviewofcellularcommunicationprocesses,including:**ReceptorProteins**:Recognitionofsignalingmolecules(ligands).**SignalTransduction**:Transmissionofsignalswithincells
(e.g.,secondmessengers).**CellSignalingPathways**:Examplesofsignalingpathways(e.g.,hormonesignaling,neurotransmission).**CellCycleandCellDivision**:Phasesofthecellcycle(interphase,mitosis,cytokinesis)andtheirreg
ulation.Importanceofcelldivisioningrowth,repair,andreproduction.**CancerandCellRegulation**:Introductiontocancerasuncontrolledcellgrowthanddivision.Causesofcancer(mutations,environmentalfactors),mechanismsoftum
orformation,andapproachestocancertreatment.**StemCellsandRegenerativeMedicine**:Overviewofstemcells,theirproperties(pluripotent,multipotent),andpotentialapplicationsinregenerativemedicineandresearch.**Microscopy
andCellVisualization**:Techniquesandtypesofmicroscopyusedtostudycells,includinglightmicroscopy,electronmicroscopy,andfluorescencemicroscopy.**SummaryandKeyConcepts**:Thechapterconcludeswithasummaryofke
yconceptsrelatedtocellstructure,function,andorganization,reinforcingunderstandingofcellularbiologyfundamentals.Chapter4providesacomprehensiveexplorationofthestructureandfunctionsofcells,highlightingtheircomplexityan
dorganizationatthemicroscopiclevel.Itservesasafoundationalchapterinunderstandinghowcellularstructuresandprocessescontributetothefunctioningoforganismsandecosystems.Ifyouhavespecificquestionsaboutanyofthesetopicsor
wouldlikemoredetailedinformationonaparticularaspectofChapter4,feelfreetoask!Chapter5Chapter5of"EssentialsofBiology"bySylviaMaderandMichaelWindelspecht,titled"TheDynamicCell,"typicallyexploresthedynamicproces
sesandactivitiesthatoccurwithincells.Here’sanoverviewofwhatyoumightfindinthischapter:**IntroductiontoCellularDynamics**:Definitionofcellulardynamicsandanoverviewofthedynamicprocessesthatoccurwithincellstomainta
inlifeandrespondtoenvironmentalchanges
Responses to Questions
1. (a) A particular person’s foot. Merits: reproducible. Drawbacks: not accessible to the general public;
not invariable (size changes with age, time of day, etc.); not indestructible.
(b) Any person’s foot. Merits: accessible. Drawbacks: not reproducible (different people have
different size feet); not invariable (size changes with age, time of day, etc.); not indestructible.
Neither of these options would make a good standard.
2. The distance in miles is given to one significant figure, and the distance in kilometers is given to five
significant figures! The value in kilometers indicates more precision than really exists or than is
meaningful. The last digit represents a distance on the same order of magnitude as a car’s length!
The sign should perhaps read ―7.0 mi (11 km),‖ where each value has the same number of
significant figures, or ―7 mi (11 km),‖ where each value has about the same % uncertainty.
3. The number of digits you present in your answer should represent the precision with which you
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