Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
1
1. A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people in the country
and 1,000 people contract the disease yearly. The population of the country
is 4,500,000. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence is .02%.
b. The prevalence of the disease is .02% and the incidence is 10%.
c. Neither is correct.
d. There is insufficient data: A
2. In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" refers to which of
the following?
a. number of people with the disease
b. cause of the disease
c. definition of the disease
d. outcome of the disease: B
3. Which of the following is(are) true about "symptoms"?
a. objective and measurable
b. the same as "signs"
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above: D
4. In 1992, there were 980 deaths in a Midwestern city with a population of
1,000,000. At the beginning of that year, 900 cases of AIDS existed in this
population. During the year, 250 new cases of AIDS were diagnosed, and
75 people died of the disease in 1992.
Using the data given above, what was the incidence rate (per 100,000 popula
tion) at the end of 1992 for AIDS?
a. 6
b. 25
c. 88
d. 116: B
5. What level of prevention is a blood pressure screening program for
high school students who are pregnant?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary: B
6. Mr. Forbes complains of "indigestion" and becomes sweaty and pale. His
wife takes him to the Emergency Department at Northwestern Memorial Hos-
pital. A cardiac catheterization 2 days later shows partial blockage of his
right coronary artery (RCA).
Blockage of the right coronary artery can lead to myocardial cell injury be-
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
1
cause it results in which of the following?
a. bilirubin accumulation in myocardial cells
b. alteration in the genetic material of myocardial cells
c. reduced energy production in myocardial cells
d. activation of the complement system: C
7. When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K membrane
pump may be impaired. Which of the following may then result?
a. intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above: A
8. Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when he suffers a
myocardial infarction in which a large part of his left ventricle has
suffered lethal cell injury.
Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with myocardial cells, ar
significantly elevated. What is the best explanation for this?
a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released their
cytoplasmic contents into the blood.
b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the myocardial cells
c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing hypertrophy.
d. None of the above.: A
9. If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination
from Mr. Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate irreversible
cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material: D
10. The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy
produc- tion results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation: B
11. A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has
lost all his equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he
suffers cell injury due to impaired ATP production. The reason for the
decrease in ATP is which of the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
1
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above: C
12. An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle cerebral
artery. The brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes hypoxic. The
best explanation for this is which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces oxygen
content in the blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia: A
13. Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells can
re- sult in fat accumulation. Which of the following problems results in
increased mobilization of free fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia: C
14. Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism in
cells. Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells: B
15. There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive
destruction of RBCs. This increase in RBC destruction can lead to which of
the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above: A
16. Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones.
This will lead to of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia: B
17. You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of crepitus.
Crepitus is associated with which of the following?
a. wet gangrene
1
1. A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people in the country
and 1,000 people contract the disease yearly. The population of the country
is 4,500,000. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence is .02%.
b. The prevalence of the disease is .02% and the incidence is 10%.
c. Neither is correct.
d. There is insufficient data: A
2. In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" refers to which of
the following?
a. number of people with the disease
b. cause of the disease
c. definition of the disease
d. outcome of the disease: B
3. Which of the following is(are) true about "symptoms"?
a. objective and measurable
b. the same as "signs"
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above: D
4. In 1992, there were 980 deaths in a Midwestern city with a population of
1,000,000. At the beginning of that year, 900 cases of AIDS existed in this
population. During the year, 250 new cases of AIDS were diagnosed, and
75 people died of the disease in 1992.
Using the data given above, what was the incidence rate (per 100,000 popula
tion) at the end of 1992 for AIDS?
a. 6
b. 25
c. 88
d. 116: B
5. What level of prevention is a blood pressure screening program for
high school students who are pregnant?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary: B
6. Mr. Forbes complains of "indigestion" and becomes sweaty and pale. His
wife takes him to the Emergency Department at Northwestern Memorial Hos-
pital. A cardiac catheterization 2 days later shows partial blockage of his
right coronary artery (RCA).
Blockage of the right coronary artery can lead to myocardial cell injury be-
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
1
cause it results in which of the following?
a. bilirubin accumulation in myocardial cells
b. alteration in the genetic material of myocardial cells
c. reduced energy production in myocardial cells
d. activation of the complement system: C
7. When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K membrane
pump may be impaired. Which of the following may then result?
a. intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above: A
8. Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when he suffers a
myocardial infarction in which a large part of his left ventricle has
suffered lethal cell injury.
Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with myocardial cells, ar
significantly elevated. What is the best explanation for this?
a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released their
cytoplasmic contents into the blood.
b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the myocardial cells
c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing hypertrophy.
d. None of the above.: A
9. If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination
from Mr. Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate irreversible
cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material: D
10. The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy
produc- tion results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation: B
11. A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has
lost all his equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he
suffers cell injury due to impaired ATP production. The reason for the
decrease in ATP is which of the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
1
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above: C
12. An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle cerebral
artery. The brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes hypoxic. The
best explanation for this is which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces oxygen
content in the blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia: A
13. Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells can
re- sult in fat accumulation. Which of the following problems results in
increased mobilization of free fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia: C
14. Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism in
cells. Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells: B
15. There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive
destruction of RBCs. This increase in RBC destruction can lead to which of
the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above: A
16. Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones.
This will lead to of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia: B
17. You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of crepitus.
Crepitus is associated with which of the following?
a. wet gangrene
