Fitzgerald Final Exam Guarantee Success Graded A+ 2025

Thiazide diuretics and loops diuretics have different primary indications because of which important difference between them? - Correct Ans-Thiazide diuretics require luminal perfusion to reach their active state Which of the following statements about beta-adrenergic blockers is correct? - Correct Ans-Some beta-adrenergic blockers are cardioselective, blocking only beta1 receptors; others are not and block beta2 receptors in smooth muscle. During diuretic therapy, levels of which electrolyte should be monitored? - Correct Ans Potassium The beta-adrenergic antagonist nebivolol: - Correct Ans-Is highly cardioselective. Which of the following agents is beta1 selective? - Correct Ans-Atenolol During diuretic therapy, which of the following should be monitored? - Correct Ans Renal function Which type of diuretic is available only for oral use? - Correct Ans-Potassium-sparing diuretics Which of the following best characterizes the mechanism of action of diuretics? - Correct Ans-Diuretics inhibit the transport of ions across the tubular membrane. Which of the following is a mechanism of action of beta-adrenergic blockers? - Correct Ans-Preventing sympathetic stimulation of the heart Which of the following statements about angiotensin II receptor blockers is correct? - Correct Ans-Renal alterations are less common than with ACE inhibitors. When prescribing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, the advanced practice nurse may anticipate all of the following except: - Correct Ans-Hypokalemia The HCN channel blocker ivabradine (Corlanor®) is contraindicated for CHF patients with: - Correct Ans-Atrial fibrillation. The only absolute contraindication to ACE inhibitor use is: - Correct Ans-Bilateral renal artery stenosis. FITZGERALD FITZGERALD The baseline laboratory evaluation of patients taking ACE inhibitors should include: - Correct Ans-Urine protein. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of which hormone that causes sodium and water retention in the kidneys? - Correct Ans-Aldosterone When considering the use of valsartan/sacubitril (Entresto®) for congestive heart failure, the NP considers all of the following except: - Correct Ans-There are few significant drug-drug interactions. The renin inhibitor, aliskiren, can significantly reduce the activity of: - Correct Ans-Loop diuretics. Which of the following agents attenuates the hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors? - Correct Ans-Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDS) The most common adverse effects of calcium channel blockers are: - Correct Ans Related to vasodilation. Which of the following drug classes is not recommended for the initial treatment of hypertension in the general non-Black population? - Correct Ans-Beta-adrenergic blockers Which of the following is recommended as prophylaxis in patients at high risk of a first myocardial infarction episode? - Correct Ans-Low-dose aspirin Which of the following agents should be considered in the initial treatment of hypertension in the general Black population, including those with diabetes? - Correct Ans-Calcium-channel blockers A potential adverse effect associated with the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors is: - Correct Ans-Hypotension. Which of the following is a mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers? - Correct Ans-Decreasing cardiac contractility by inhibiting calcium movement into the sarcomere (contractile unit of muscle) Which of the following conditions is a contraindication to thiazide diuretics? - Correct Ans-Gout A patient with significant chronic CHF remains symptomatic despite therapy with ACE inhibitors and beta-adrenergic antagonists. Before adding digoxin, the advanced practice nurse should remember that: - Correct Ans-Laxatives may potentiate hypokalemia FITZGERALD FITZGERALD Which of the following agents should be used as an initial or add-on treatment to improve kidney outcomes in patients in the general adult population who have chronic kidney disease and hypertension regardless of race or diabetes status? - Correct Ans ACE inhibitors Which of the following should be the first class of drugs prescribed for a patient in decompensated, symptomatic CHF? - Correct Ans-Loop diuretics Which of the following is an action of nitrates? - Correct Ans-Vasodilating coronary arteries During triacylglycerol transport, once chylomicrons are in the circulation, ___ cholesterol transfers proteins to the chylomicrons. - Correct Ans-HDL Which of the following is a characteristic of very low density lipoprotein (VLDV)? - Correct Ans-Water-soluble transport for synthesized lipids Fat-soluble vitamins include all of the following except: - Correct Ans-C Which of the following is a water-soluble transport for ingested lipids? - Correct Ans Chylomicron ______ are the major dietary lipid. - Correct Ans-Triacylglycerols Fatty acids (triacylglycerol precursors) are synthesized in the liver with ___ as the main precursor. - Correct Ans-Dietary glucose A major function of bile salts is: - Correct Ans-Emulsification of dietary fat. Cholesterol is obtained either by diet or is synthesized by a pathway that occurs in most body cells but to a greater extent in the cells of which two organs? - Correct Ans-Liver and intestines During the fed state, free fatty acids are converted to triacylglycerol and stored in: - Correct Ans-Adipose tissue. The free cholesterol pool of the liver is supplied primarily by which of the following mechanisms? - Correct Ans-Intracellular synthesis via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway After bile acid salts are ejected into the gut, what happens to them after they have served their purpose? - Correct Ans-They are reabsorbed from the gut and recycled. The primary purpose of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors is to: - Correct Ans-Decrease circulating LDL levels. FITZGERALD FITZGERALD Which class of lipid-lowering agent interferes with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins? - Correct Ans-Bile acid sequestrants Which agent may cause flushing? - Correct Ans-Niacin When prescribing HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, the nurse practitioner should: - Correct Ans-Ensure that the patient is neither pregnant nor planning pregnancy. While the mechanism of action of niacin is unknown, this agent decreases synthesis of ___ by the liver. - Correct Ans-VLDL When considering the use of PCSK9 inhibitors (alirocumab and evolocumab), the NP considers all of the following except: - Correct Ans-Can be used as a relatively inexpensive adjunct to statin therapy. Which of the following is a mechanism of action of fibric acid derivatives? - Correct Ans Increases activity of lipoprotein lipase Which of the following is a true statement regarding HMG-CoA reductase therapy? - Correct Ans-Prescribers should be aware that many drugs in this class are CYP3A4 substrates. Niacin should not be used in patients with: - Correct Ans-Hyperglycemia Which of the following is the drug of choice for anticoagulation in the patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia? - Correct Ans-Argatroban Which of the following statements describes the primary difference between direct factor Xa inhibitors and indirect factor Xa inhibitors? - Correct Ans-Direct factor Xa inhibitors act directly on thrombin; indirect factor Xa inhibitors use antithrombin III as a mediator. Which phase of the clotting process is affected by activated Factor X (Factor Xa) inhibitors? - Correct Ans-Secondary hemostasis Primary hemostasis is characterized by: - Correct Ans-Platelet aggregation and adhesion. Which of the following laboratory tests is used to monitor the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)? - Correct Ans-Anti-Xa assay The primary adverse effects of heparin and warfarin are related to: - Correct Ans Bleeding Secondary hemostasis is characterized by: - Correct Ans-Formation of a fibrin clot. FITZGERALD FITZGERALD Which of the following is indicated for cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and embolic risk reduction in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation? - Correct Ans-Dabigatran Peripheral neuropathy and priapism is possible adverse effect of: - Correct Ans-Heparin Antithrombin III, which limits clotting to the injured site, is greatly potentiated by: - Correct Ans-Heparin The laboratory evaluation for a patient taking warfarin should include which of the following tests? - Correct Ans-International normalized ratio Which platelet inhibitor is indicated for a patient who has had a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) while on aspirin (ASA) therapy? - Correct Ans-Dipyridamole and ASA (Aggren